页数：23页文件大小：339.6 KB来源： 计算机专业英语ppt课件
本课件对应1.1 Four Kinds of Computers（四类计算机）一节，按体积与性能划分微型机、小型机、大型机和巨型机，并说明决定机型的价格、处理速度与存储容量七个因素。课文配中英文对照译文、生词短语表与课后练习，可用于课堂讲授与课前预习。
| 单词 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|
| access | v. | 访问，存取 |
| accounting | n. | 会计学，统计 |
| agency | n. | 机构，办事处，代理店 |
| briefcase | n. | 公文包，公事包 |
| Exploration | n. | 勘探，发掘，调查 |
| laptop | n. | 膝上，使携式电脑 |
| palm | n. | （手）掌，手心，掌状物 |
| Policyholder | n. | 投保人，保险客户 |
| recognition | n. | 认出，识别，认可Words |
| 单词 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|
| Simultaneously | adv. | 同时地 |
| sophisticated | adj. | 精密复杂的 |
| typically | adv. | 特有地，独特地，典型地 |
| 短语 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|
| fall into | 属于 |
| in exchange for | 交换，来代替 |
| mainframe computer | 大型计算机 |
| portable computer | 便携式计算机 |
| 缩写 | 英文全称 | 中文含义 |
|---|---|---|
| AC | Alternating Current | 交流电 |
| PDA | Personal Digital Assistant | 个人数字助理 |
Computers are electronic devices that can follow instructions to accept input, process that input, and produce information. Therearefour types of computers: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers.
计算机是根据指令接收输入、处理输入数据并产生信息的电子设备。计算机有四种类型：微型机、小型机、大型机和巨型机。1.1 Four Kinds of Computers Chapter 1 Computer Fundamentals
微型计算机，也被称为个人计算机，是可以放在桌面上的小的计算机。便携式微型机可以放入手提箱，甚至手掌中。微型机被用于家庭、学校及工业中。如今几乎每一领域都在使用微型机。
Microcomputers, also known as personal computers, are small computers that can fitona desktop. Portable microcomputers can fitina briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. Microcomputers are used in homes, schools, and industry. Today nearly every field uses microcomputers.
便携式计算机是正在迅速普及的一种微型机，它易于四处携带。便携式计算机有四种类型。
Onetypeof microcomputer that is rapidly growing in popularity is the portable computer, which can be easily carried around. Therearefour categories of portable computers.
膝上电脑：其重量在10～16磅之间，供电方式可以是交流供电，电池供电或两者均可。交流供电的膝上电脑重量在12～16磅之间。电池供电的膝上电脑的重量（包括电池）在10～15磅之间，可以用肩带背起来携带。
Laptops: laptops, which weigh between 10 and 16 pounds, maybe AC-powered, battery-powered, or both. The AC-powered laptop weighs 12 to 16 pounds. The battery-powered laptop weighs 10 to 15 pounds, batteries included, and can be carried on a shoulders trap. Figure 1.1 shows an example of a laptop. Figure 1.1 A Modern Mid-range HP Laptop
笔记本个人电脑：其重量在5～10磅之间，可放入大多数公文包中，尤其适用于那些连接电源不方便的场合。笔记本电脑是如今最流行的便携式电脑。
Notebook PCs: notebook personal computers weigh between 5 and 10 pounds and can fit into most briefcases. It is especially valuable in locations where electrical connections are not available. Notebook computers are the most popular portable computers today.
Subnotebooks:subnotebooks are for frequent flyers and life-on-the-road types.[1]Subnotebooks users give up a full-size display screen and keyboard in exchange for less weight. Weighting between 2 and 6 pounds,these computers fit easily into a briefcase.超轻薄笔记本电脑：适合经常出差在路上的人们使用。超轻薄笔记本电脑用户为了换取较轻的重量放弃了完整的显示屏幕和键盘的标准尺寸。这种电脑重量在2～6磅之间，可以很容易地放入公文包中。分析：in exchange for less weight是介词短语作目的状语，意思是“为了换取较轻的重量”。
个人数字助手：比超轻薄笔记本电脑还要小得多，其重量在1～4磅之间。典型的个人数字助手将钢笔输入、书写识别、个人编排工具和通信功能结合起来放入小包中。
Personal Digital Assistants: much smaller than even the subnotebooks. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)weigh from 1 to 4 pounds. The typical PDAcombinesp eninput, writing recognition, personal organizational tools, and communication capabilities in a very small package. Figure 1.2 shows an example of a PDA. Figure 1.2 A PDA
Minicomputers, also known as midrange computers, are desk-sized machines.[2]Theyfallinto between microcomputers and mainframes in their processing speeds and data-storing capacities. Medium-size companies or departments of large companies typically use them for specific purposes. Forexample, they might use them to do research or to monitor a particular manufacturing process. Smaller-size companies typically use microcomputers for their general data processing needs, such as accounting.
语言点分析：句中They指的是小型计算机；短语fall in between意思是“介于两者之间”，in their processing speeds anddata-storing capacities是介词短语作状语。
小型计算机，也被称为中型机，是像书桌大小的机器。它们的处理速度和数据存储能力介于微型机和大型机之间。中型公司或大型公司的部门一般把它们用于特殊用途。例如，可以使用它们做研究或监视某一个生产过程。小型公司一般使用小型机进行一般数据处理，比如说统计。
Mainframe computers are larger computers occupying specially wired, air-conditioned rooms and capable of great processing speeds and data storage. Theyareused by large organizations—business, banks, universities, government agencies—to handle millions of transactions. Forexample, insurance companies use mainframes to process information about millions of policyholders.
大型机是较大的计算机，放置在具有专线、空调的房间中，能够具有很快的处理速度和很大的数据存储量。它们通常是由一些大的组织机构使用——商业部门、银行、大学、政府机构——以处理数以百万计的事务。例如，保险公司使用大型机以处理数以百万计的保险客户的信息。
巨型机是应用于非常大的机构进行研究工作的大容量专用计算机。这些应用包括石油勘探和世界范围的天气预报。
一般说来，计算机的类型是由下列7个因素决定的：
Supercomputers are special, high-capacity computers used by very large organizations principally for research purposes. Among their uses are oil exploration and worldwide weather forecasting. Anexampleofa supercomputer is shown in Figure 1.3.
In general, a computer's type is determined by the following seven factors:
Figure 1.3 Mississippi State system administrators inspect the new Raptorsuper computer in the university's High Performance Computing Collaboratory
密西西比州立大学高性能计算实验室中的 Raptor 巨型计算机
CPU的类型。微型计算机使用微处理器。较大的计算机趋向于使用由分开的高速复杂的零部件构成的CPU。
CPU能够使用的内存的总量。配备有大容量内存的计算机可以支持更复杂的程序，并且能同时容纳几个不同的程序。
The type of CPU. Microcomputers use microprocessors. The larger computers tend to use CPUsmadeupof separate, high-speed, sophisticated components.
The amount of main memory the CPUcanuse. A computer equipped with a large amount of main memory can support more sophisticated programs and can even hold several different programs in memory at the same time.
The capacity of the storage devices. The larger computer systems tend to be equipped with higher capacity storage devices.
The speed of the output devices.[3]The speed of microcomputer output devices tends to berated in terms of the number of characters per second (cps)that can be printed——usually in tens and hundreds ofcps. Larger computers ' output devices are faster and are usually rated at speeds of hundreds or thousands of lines that can be printed per minute.
语言点分析：句中tends to be rated…，意思是“倾向于用……度量”，tend to do sth.意思是“倾向于/易于做某事”。例句：They tend to do badly in school.他们通常在学校表现不好。In the end, everything tends to do what you would expect.最后，所有的事情都会像你期望的那样运转。
存储设备的容量。较大的计算机系统趋向于配置较大容量的存储设备。
输出设备的速度。微机输出设备的速度趋向于用每秒钟能打印的字符数（cps）予以度量，通常为每秒几十个、几百个字符。较大计算机的输出设备的速度也较快，通常每分钟可打印几百或几千行。
The processing speed in millions of instructions per second (MIPS). The term instruction is used here to describe a basic task the software asks the computer to perform while also identifying the data to be affected.
用MIPS（每秒钟百万条指令）度量处理速度。在这里用术语“指令”来描述软件要求计算机完成的基本任务，并且标识受到影响的数据。
The processing speed of the smaller computers ranges from 7 to 40 MIPS. The speed of large computers can be 30 to 150 MIPSormore, and supercomputers can process more than 200 MIPS. Inotherwords, a mainframe computer can process your data a great deal faster than a microcomputer can.
较小计算机的处理速度为7～40 MIPS。大型计算机的处理速度能达到30～150MIPS或更多。巨型计算机的处理速度达200 MIPS以上。换句话说，大型计算机处理数据的能力要比微机快得多。
可以同时访问计算机的用户数量。大多数小型计算机某个时刻只能供单个用户使用，有些计算机可以同时支持两个或三个用户，大型计算机则可同时由几百个用户使用。
计算机系统的价格。商用计算机系统的价格可低到500美元（一台微机）或者高达1000万美元（一台大型机），巨型计算机则花费更多。
The number of users that can access the computer at one time. Most small computers can support only a single user, some can support as many as two or three at a time. Large computers can support hundreds of users simultaneously.
The cost of the computer system. Business systems can cost as little as$500 (for a microcomputer)or as much as$10 million (for a mainframe)—and much more for a supercomputer.
习题1.1 一 判断正误：根据课文内容判断下列说法正误。
Put“true”or“false”in the brackets for the following statements according to the passage.
习题1.1 二 练习：根据课文内容完成下列练习。
Fillinthe blanks according to the passage.
习题1.1 三 翻译：将下列单词和短语译成中文。
Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese.
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