页数：21页文件大小：110.7 KB来源： 计算机专业英语ppt课件
本课件对应1.3 System Software（系统软件）一节，介绍操作系统、实用程序与语言翻译程序等系统软件的作用，说明引导程序与诊断程序的工作过程。课文配中英文对照译文、生词短语表与课后练习，可用于课堂讲授与课前预习。
| 单词 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|
| Accomplish | v. | 完成，达到，实现 |
| application | n. | 申请，应用，应用程序 |
| bootstrap | n. | 引导程序，自展 |
| diagnostic | n. | 特征，症状，[计]诊断程序 |
| dynamic | adj. | 动态的，动力（学） |
| embed | v. | 嵌套，装入 |
| graphical | adj. | 绘画的 |
| initially | adv. | 最初Words |
| 单词 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|
| interface | n. | 界面接口，连接 |
| license | v. | 许可，准许 |
| mechanism | n. | 机械装置，机构，机制 |
| merge | v. | 归并，合并 |
| multiple | adj. | 多（倍、路、重、道、次）的 |
| newsletter | n. | 通信稿（业务通信，简讯） |
| nominal | adj. | 名义上的，有名无实的，名字的 |
| pictorial | adj. | 图示的，图像的 |
| refer | v. | 提交，谈及，归诸于 |
| security | n. | 安全（性），保密（性），安全措施 |
| specialized | adj. | 专业的，专门的 |
| 缩写 | 英文全称 | 中文含义 |
|---|---|---|
| DDE | Dynamic Data Exchange | 动态数据交换 |
| OLE | Object Linking and Embedding | 对象链接和嵌入 |
| OS | Operating System | 操作系统 |
Text
Software refers to computer programs. Programs are the instructions that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want. Therearetwo kinds of software: system software and application software.
软件指的是计算机程序。程序是告诉计算机如何将数据处理成你想要的形式的指令。有两种软件：系统软件和应用软件。
System software is a collection of programs that enables application software to run on a computer system's hardware devices, it is background software and includes programs that help the computer manage its own internal resources.
系统软件是指能让应用软件在计算机系统硬件设备上运行的程序的集合，它是后台软件并且包括帮助计算机管理自己内部资源的程序。1.3 System Software
应用软件是让用户能够完成特定任务的专门程序。在这一节中，我们主要讨论系统软件。
系统软件由四种程序组成：引导装入程序、诊断例程、基本输入输出系统和操作系统。在这四种当中，操作系统是我们最为关心的，它帮助管理计算机资源。最重要的操作系统有Windows、WindowsNT、OS/2、Macintosh和Unix。
Application software is a specialized program that enables the user to accomplish specific tasks. Inthistext, we mainly discuss system software.
System software consists of four kinds of programs: bootstrap loader, diagnostic routines, basic input-output system and operating system. Among these four parts, the operating system is we most concerned with, which helps manage computer resources. Most important operating systems are Windows, Windows NT, OS/2, Macintosh and Unix.
Windows Windowsgets its name because of its ability to run multiple applications at the same time, each in its own window. Windows offers graphical user interface (GUI), presents the user with graphic images of computer functions and data. Itprovidesa standard mechanism for copying or moving information from one program to another. This mechanism, called the Clipboard, means that information created in one context is instantly reusable in another, you don't need to reenter information or work with clumsy data-transfer utilities.
Windows之所以称为窗口是因为它具有能同时运行多个应用程序的能力，并且每一个程序有其自己的窗口。Windows提供图形用户界面，为用户呈现计算机的功能和数据的图像。它提供用于将信息从一个程序拷贝或移动到另一个程序的标准机制。这个机制被称为剪贴板，意味着在一个环境中产生的信息可以被另外一个环境立即重新使用，而用户不需要重新输入信息或使用繁琐的数据传送实用程序。
Windows also has DDE (dynamic data exchange)and OLE (object linking and embedding)functions. In DDEtwoormore applications can be linked. This way, data created in one application is automatically entered into the others. OLE, like DDE, links data between applications. Additionally, OLEallowsthe application receiving the data to directly access the application that created the data.
Windows还具有DDE（动态数据交换）和OLE（对象链接和嵌入）功能。在DDE中两个或更多的应用程序可以被链接。使用这种方法，在一个应用程序中产生的数据可以自动地进入其他的程序。OLE类似于DDE，在应用程序之间链接数据。另外，OLE允许接收数据的应用程序直接访问建立这个数据的应用程序。
语言点分析：句中rather(常与or连用)，意思是“更确切地说”。alternative在这里是名词，意为“另一个可供选择的（东西或办法等）”，designed for very powerful microcomputers and networks是过去分词短语作定语，修饰alternative。
Windows NTWindows NTisan operating system designed to runonawide range of powerful computers and microcomputers. Itisavery sophisticated and powerful operation system. Developed by Microsoft, Windows NTisnot considered a replacement for Windows.[1]Rather, it is an advanced alternative designed for very powerful microcomputers and networks. Windows NThastwo major advantages when compared to Windows.
WindowsNT它是被设计运行于各种功能强大的计算机和微型计算机上的操作系统。它非常复杂且和功能强大。WindowsNT由微软公司开发，并不是为了替代Windows，确切地说，它是为功能非常强大的微型计算机和网络设计的一个高级的可供选择的操作系统。和Windows相比较，WindowsNT具有两个主要的优点：
语言点分析：at which the document is printed是定语从句，修饰speed。
多道处理除了应用程序是同时独立运行之外，它类似于多任务。比如，你可能正在打印字处理文档并且同时在使用数据库管理程序。在多任务情况下，文件打印的速度会受到数据库管理程序的要求的影响。使用多道处理，数据库管理程序的要求并不影响打印文档。
Multiprocessing Itissimilar to multitasking except that the applications are run independently at the same time. For instance, you could be printing a word processing document and using a database management program at the same time.[2]With multitasking, the speed at which the document is printed is affected by the demands of the database management program. With multiprocessing, the demands of the database management program do not affect the printing of the document.
网络在许多商业环境中，工作人员经常使用计算机相互进行交流，并且通过网络共享软件。这是可以通过专门的系统软件来实现和控制的。WindowsNT具有网络功能和嵌入到操作系统内的安全检测功能，这使得通过网络安装和使用相对容易。
Networking In many business environments, workers often use computer to communicate with one another and to share software using a network. This is made possible and controlled by special system software. Windows NThasnetwork capabilities and security checks built into the operating system. This makes network installation and use relatively easy.
OS/2OS/2表示操作系统/2。它是由IBM和微软公司联合开发的。OS/2和WindowsNT具有许多相似之处。它是设计给功能强大的微型计算机的，具有几个先进特点。相对于WindowsNT，OS/2的优点包括：
OS/2 OS/2 stands for Operating System/2. It was developed jointly by IBMand Microsoft Corporation. OS/2 has many similarities with Windows NT. It is designed for very powerful microcomputers and has several advanced features. Someofits advantages over Windows NTinclude:
最小的系统配置像WindowsNT一样，OS/2需要大的内存和硬盘空间。然而，OS/2需要的较少。
Windows application Like Windows NT, OS/2 does not have a large number of application programs written especially for it. OS/2 can also run Windows programs, but it runs these programs slightly faster than Windows NT.
窗口应用OS/2和WindowsNT一样，专门为它编写的应用程序很少。OS/2同样可以运行Windows程序，但它运行这些程序的速度比WindowsNT更快一些。
Minimum system configuration Like Windows NT, OS/2 requires significant memory and harddisk space. However, OS/2 requires slightly less.
共同的用户界面专门为WindowsNT以及OS/2编写的微型计算机应用程序，具有一致的图形界面。各种应用程序为用户提供类似的屏幕显示、菜单和操作。此外，OS/2为大型机、小型机和微型机提供一致的界面。
Commonuser interface Microcomputer application programs written specifically for Windows NT, as well as for OS/2, have consistent graphics interfaces. Across applications, the user is provided with similar screen displays, menus and operations. Additionally, OS/2 offers a consistent interface with mainframes, minicomputers and microcomputers.
Macintosh操作系统它是仅运行在Macintosh计算机上的Macintosh软件，提供高质量的图形用户界面并且易于使用。Apple Matintosh System 7.5是为使用Motorola公司的PowerPC微处理器的Apple计算机设计的，对于Apple机来说是一个重要的里程碑。它像WindowsNT和OS/2一样是功能强大的操作系统。System7.5具有网络功能并能读出Windows和OS/2文件。它具有几个优点。
Macintosh Operation System The Macintosh Software, which runs only on Macintosh computers, offers a high-quality graphical user interface and is very easy to use. Apple Macintosh System 7.5 designed for Apple computers using Motorola's Power PC microprocessor, is a significant milestone for Apple. Itisavery powerful operating system like Windows NTand OS/2. System 7.5 has network capabilities and can read Windows and OS/2 files. Ithasseveral advantages.
容易使用图形用户界面使得Macintosh在许多计算机新手用户中普及，这是因为它容易学习。
Quality graphics Macintoshhas established a high standard for graphics processing. This is a principal reason why the Macintoshis popular for desktop publishing. Users are easily able to merge pictorial and text materials to produce nearly professional-looking newsletters, advertisements, and the like.
高质量的图像Macintosh已经建立了高标准的图像处理，这就是Macintosh在桌面印刷系统流行的主要原因。用户可以很容易地将图片和文字材料组织成比较专业的通信稿、广告等。
Easeofuse The graphical user interface has made the Macintosh popular with many newcomers to computing. This is because it is easy to learn.
一致的界面Macintosh应用程序具有一致的图形界面。在所有的应用程序中，提供给用户相似的屏幕显示、菜单和操作。
Multitasking Like Windows, Windows NTand OS/2, the Macintosh System enables you to do multitasking. Thatis, several programs can run at the same time.
多任务像Windows、WindowsNT和OS/2一样，Macintosh系统能使你实现多任务，即几个程序可同时运行。
Communications between programs The Macintosh system allows application programs to share data and commands with other application programs.
程序之间的通信Macintosh系统允许应用程序之间共享数据和命令。
Consistent interfaces Macintosh applications have a consistent graphics interface. Across all applications, the user is provided with similar screen displays, menus and operations.
Unix Unixwas originally developed by AT& Tformini computers and is very good for multitasking. Itisalsogood for networking between computers. Unix initially became popular in industry because for many years AT& Tlicensedthe system to universities for a nominal fee. Itispopular among engineers and technical people. With the arrival of very powerful microcomputers, Unixis becoming a larger player in the microcomputer world.
Unix它起初是由AT&T为小型机开发的，非常适于执行多任务处理。它也适合于计算机之间的网络链接。由于多年来AT&T一直将系统以象征性的费用提供给大学使用，因此Unix起初就在工业领域很普及。它在工程师和技术人员中很普及。随着功能强大的微型计算机的到来，Unix正成为微机世界的大玩家。
Unixcanbe used with different types of computer systems, thatis, it is a portable operating system. Itisusedwith microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes and supercomputers. The other operating systems are designed for microcomputers and are not nearly as portable. Italsohasthe advantages of multitasking, multiprocessing, multiuser and networking.
Unix可被用于不同类型的计算机系统，也就是说，它是可移植的操作系统。它可用于微型机、小型机、大型机和巨型机上。其他的操作系统被设计用于微型机上且几乎不可移植。Unix也具有多任务、多道处理、多用户和网络功能的优点。
习题1.3 一 判断正误：根据课文内容判断下列说法正误。
Put“true”or“false”in the brackets for the following statements according to the passage.
习题1.3 二 练习：根据课文内容完成下列练习。
Fillinthe blanks according to the passage.
习题1.3 三 翻译：将下列单词和短语译成中文。
Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese.
下载地址：{{downurl}}
{{{a}}}
{{#b}}{{{b}}}
{{/b}} {{/title}} {{#nolog}}登陆注册
{{/nolog}} {{#djsx}}点我刷新
{{/djsx}} {{#gocz}} {{/gocz}} {{#ffqr}} {{/ffqr}}