01-2 1.2 Computer Hardware.pptx

第1页：1.2 生词表

第2页：1.2 生词表（续）

第3页：1.2 生词表（续）

第4页：1.2 生词表（续）

第5页：1.2 常用短语

第6页：1.2 缩略语表

第7页：计算机硬件具有四部分

Computer hardware has four parts: the central processing unit (CPU)and memory, storage hardware, input hardware, and output hardware.

计算机硬件具有四部分：中央处理器和内存、存储硬件、输入硬件和输出硬件。

CPUThepartof the computer that runs the program is known as the processor or central processing unit (CPU). In a microcomputer, the CPUisona single electronic component, the microprocessor chip, within the system unit or system cabinet. The CPUitselfhas two parts: the control unit and the arithmetic-logic unit. In a microcomputer, these are both on the microcomputer chip.

CPU计算机运行程序的部分被称为处理器或中央处理单元。在微型计算机中，CPU在系统单元或系统机箱内的单独电子元件，即微处理器芯片上。CPU本身具有两个部分：控制单元和算术－逻辑单元。在微型计算机中，这两个部分都在微型机芯片上。1.2 Computer Hardware

第8页：控制单元控制单元告诉计算机系统的其他部分

控制单元控制单元告诉计算机系统的其他部分如何完成程序指令。它指挥着电子信号在内存和算术－逻辑单元之间的移动。它也指挥着CPU和输入输出设备之间的控制信号。

The Control Unit The control unit tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a program's instructions. Itdirectsthe movement of electronic signals between memory and the arithmetic-logic unit. It also directs these control signals among the CPU, input and output devices.

第9页：逻辑单元通常被称为ALU

算术—逻辑单元通常被称为ALU，完成两类运算——算术和逻辑。算术运算是基本的数学运算：加、减、乘、除。逻辑运算是由比较（运算）构成的。也就是说，用两块数据进行比较，以看其中一个是否是等于、小于或大于另外一个。

The Arithmetic-Logic Unit The arithmetic-logic unit, usually called the ALU, performs two types of operations—arithmetic and logical. Arithmetic operations are, as you might expect, the fundamental math operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Logical operations consist of comparisons. Thatis, two pieces of data are compared to see whether one is equal to, less than, or greater than the other.

第10页：内存内存也被称为主存储器

内存内存也被称为主存储器、内部存储器，临时存储数据、程序指令和信息。关于内存需要重点了解的是它所保存的内容只是临时的。换句话说，这些内容只有在计算机开着时才能保存。当机器被关闭时，其内容会立即消失。在内存中所存储的信息是不稳定的并会很快消失。

Memory Memoryisalso known as primary storage, internal storage, and it temporarily holds data, program instructions, and information. Oneofthemost important facts to know about memory is that part of its content is held only temporarily. Inotherwords, it is stored only as long as the computer is turned on. Whenyouturn the machine off, the content will immediately vanish. The stored content in memory is volatile and can vanish very quickly.

第11页：存储硬件存储硬件的作用

语言点分析：句中means是“方法”的意思。when needed forprocessing是状语从句when they are needed for processing的省略形式。为了简洁起见，有的状语从句（如时间状语从句、条件状语从句等）有时可省略从句的主语和部分谓语（尤其是当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包括有动词be时）。例如，He keptsilent when (he was) asked why he was late.问他为什么迟到，他一言不发。

Storage Hardware[1]The purpose of storage hardware is to provide a means of storing computer instructions and data in a form that is relatively permanent, thatis, the data will not be lost when the power is turned off—and easy to retrieve when needed for processing. Therearefour kinds of storage hardware: floppy disks, hard disks, optical disk, and magnetic tape.

存储硬件存储硬件的作用是以一种相对持久的方式提供存储计算机指令和数据的方法，即当切断电源时不会丢失数据，且当需要处理数据时又容易恢复。存储硬件有四种：软盘、硬盘、光盘和磁带。

第12页：软盘软盘又被称为软磁盘

软盘软盘又被称为软磁盘、可弯曲磁盘、软盘或简单地称为磁盘。在磁盘封套内是柔韧的圆形聚酯塑料盘片，它们在封套内旋转。程序和数据以电磁荷的形式存储在聚脂塑料片表面的金属氧化物薄膜上。

Floppy Disks Floppydisks are also called diskettes, flexible disks, floppies, or simply disks. The plastic disk inside the diskette cover is flexible, not rigid. Theyareflat, circular pieces of mylar plastic that rotate within a jacket. Data and programs a restored as electromagnetic charges on a metal oxide film coating the mylar plastic.

第13页：硬盘硬盘

Hard Disks Harddisks consist of metallic rather than plastic platters. They are tightly sealed to prevent any foreign matter from getting inside. Harddisksare extremely sensitive instruments. Theread-write head rides on a cushion of air about 0.000001 inch thick. Itissothin that a smoke particle, fingerprint, dust, or human hair could cause what is known as ahead crash. Aheadcrash happens when the surface of the read-write head or particles on its surface contact the magnetic disk surface. Aheadcrashis a disaster for a harddisk. It means that some or all of the data on the disk is destroyed. Harddisksare assembled under sterile conditions and sealed from impurities within their permanent containers.

硬盘硬盘是由金属盘片而不是塑料盘片组成的。它们被紧紧地密封起来，以防止外界东西进入。硬盘是非常灵敏的设备。读写头浮在大约0.000 001英寸厚的空气气垫上。它是如此的薄，以至于烟粒、指印、灰尘或者头发都可能引起磁头划伤。当读写头的表面或表面上的微粒与磁盘表面接触时就会发生磁头划伤。磁头划伤对于硬盘来讲是灾难，它意味着磁盘上的数据部分或全部丢失。硬盘在无菌条件下安装并且密封在远离杂质的永久的容器内。

第14页：光盘光盘用于存储大量的数据

光盘光盘用于存储大量的数据。一个光盘可能容纳650兆字节的数据——相当于数以百计的软盘。并且，光盘使得大量的信息可用于微机上。在光盘技术中，激光束改变塑料或金属盘的表面来代表数据。为了读取数据，激光扫描这些区域并且将这些数据送给计算机芯片以转换。

Optical Disks Opticaldisks are used for storing great quantities of data. Anopticaldis kcanhold 650 megabytes of data—the equivalent of hundreds of floppy disks. Moreover, an optical disk makes an immense amount of information available on a microcomputer. In optical-disk technology, alaserbeamalters the surface of a plastic or metallic disk to represent data. Toreadthedat a, a laser scans these areas and sends the data to a computer chip for conversion.

第15页：磁带磁带是备份（即复制

磁带磁带是备份（即复制、拷贝程序和数据）的有效方法。我们曾提到如果硬盘遭遇磁头划伤就会产生令人担忧的结果，因为这将会丢失部分或全部的程序或数据。当然，也可以将硬盘上的文件拷贝到软盘上。然而这很费时，并且需要很多软盘。磁带是顺序访问存储的，能够解决上面所提到的问题。

Magnetic Tape Magnetictape is an effective way of making a backup, or duplicate, copy of your programs and data. We mentioned the alarming consequences that can happen if a harddisk suffers ahead crash. Youwilllose some or all of your data or programs. Ofcourse, you can always make copies of your hard-disk files on floppy disks. However, this can be time-consuming and may require many floppy disks. Magnetictape is sequential access storage and can solve the problem mentioned above.

第16页：输入硬件输入硬件接收人们能读懂的程序和数

输入硬件输入硬件接收人们能读懂的程序和数据，并将其转换为计算机能处理的形式。这就是机器可读的电子信号0和1。输入硬件有键盘输入和直接输入两种。

Input Hardware Inputdevices take data and programs, and people can read or understand and convert them to a form the computer can process. This is the machine-readable electronic signals of 0 sand 1 s. Input hardware is of two kinds: keyboard entry and direct entry.

第17页：键盘输入数据通过形似打字机键盘但有附加键

键盘输入数据通过形似打字机键盘但有附加键的键盘输入到计算机。用这种方式，用户一般读取被称为是源文件的初始文件，通过在键盘上打字输入文件。

Keyboard Entry Dataisinput to the computer through a keyboard that looks like a typewriter keyboard but has additional keys. Inthisway, the user typically reads from an original document called the source document. The use renters that document by typing on the keyboard.

第18页：直接输入当数据输入到计算机时

直接输入当数据输入到计算机时，是以机器可读懂的形式输入的，不需要键盘。直接输入设备分成三类：指针设备（如：鼠标、触摸屏、光笔、数字化仪）、扫描设备（如：图像扫描仪、传真机、条形码读器）和声音输入设备。

Direct Entry Dataismadein to machine-readable form as it is entered into the computer, no keyboard is used. Directentry devices maybe categorized into three areas: pointing devices (forexample, mouse, touchscreen, light pen, digitizer), scanning devices (forexample, image scanner, fax machine, bar-code reader), and voice-input devices.

第19页：输出硬件输出设备将机器可读的信息转换为人

输出硬件输出设备将机器可读的信息转换为人类可读的形式。一般的输出设备有监视器、打印机、绘图仪和声音输出设备。

Output Hardware Output devices convert machine-readable information into people-readable form. Commonoutput devices are monitors, printers, plotters, and voice output.

第20页：监视器监视器也被称为屏幕显示或视频显示终

Monitors Monitors are also called display screen or video display terminals. Most monitors that sitondesks are built in the same way as television sets, and these monitors are called cathode-raytubes. Another type of monitor is flat-panel display, including liquid-crystal display (LCD), electroluminescent (EL)display and gas-plasma display. An LCDdoesnotem it light of its own. Rather, it consists of crystal molecules.[2]An electric field causes the molecules to lineup in away that alters their optical properties. Unfortunately, many LCDsare difficult to read in sunlight or other strong light. Agas-plasma display is the best type of flatscreen. Likeaneon lightbulb, the plasma display usesagas that emits light in the presence of an electric current.分析：句中lineup意思是“排成行”，that alters their optical properties是定语从句，修饰way。

监视器监视器也被称为屏幕显示或视频显示终端。大多数放在桌面上的监视器的制作方法同电视机一样，它们被称为是阴极射线管。另一类监视器是平板显示器，包括液晶显示器、光电发光显示器和等离子显示器。液晶显示器自己不发射光，相反，是由晶体分子组成，电场使得这些分子排成一行，这种排行改变着它们的光学特性。遗憾的是，许多液晶显示器在太阳光或其他强光下很难读到。等离子显示器是平板显示器中最好的一种。与氖光灯泡一样，等离子显示器在电流存在的情况下使用一种发光的气体。

第21页：打印机有四种流行的打印机

打印机有四种流行的打印机：点阵式、激光式、喷墨式和热敏式。

点阵式打印机能在不到几秒的时间内打印一页文本并且非常可靠。点阵式打印机利用在打印头上的一系列小针来形成字符或图像。这些针击打喷墨的色带并在纸上产生图像。有9针、18针和24针的打印机，这种打印机的一个缺点是它的噪音。

Printers Therearefour popular kinds of printers: dot-matrix, laser, ink-jet, and thermal.

Dot-Matrix Printer Dot-matrix printers can produce a page of text in less than 10 seconds and are highly reliable. They form characters or images using a series of small pinsona printhead. Thepinsstrik eaninked ribbon and create an image on paper. Printers are available with print heads of 9,18, or 24 pins. One disadvantage of this type of printer is noise.

第22页：激光打印机使用激光束光源在磁鼓上产生小点

语言点分析：句中treatwith意思是“用……处理”，then后面省略了主语thecharacters。

激光打印机使用激光束光源在磁鼓上产生小点一样的图像，用磁化的带电的像墨一样的碳粉处理这些字符，然后从磁鼓传送到纸上，再使用热处理过程使这些字符粘贴。激光打印机打印的图像字符清晰，图像质量高。

Laser Printer The laser printer creates dot-like images onadrum, using alaserbeam light source.[3]The characters are treated with a magnetically charged ink-like toner and then are transferred from drum to paper. Aheatprocess is used to make the characters adhere. The laser printer produces images with excellent letter and graphics quality.

第23页：喷墨式打印机能以很高速度将小点状墨汁喷到

喷墨式打印机能以很高速度将小点状墨汁喷到纸面上。这一过程不仅印刷高质量的图像，并且能打印彩色图像。

Ink-Jet Printer Anink-jet printer sprays small droplets of inkat highspeed on to the surface of the paper. This process not only produces a letter-quality image but also permits printing to be done in a variety of colors.

第24页：热敏式打印机使用热元素在热感应纸上产生图

热敏式打印机使用热元素在热感应纸上产生图像。由于价格高并需要特殊处理的纸张，彩色热敏打印机不是很普及。热敏式打印机是产生逼真输出的特殊打印机。它们被广泛应用在要求高质量彩色输出的专业艺术设计工作中。

Thermal Printer Athermal printer uses heat elements to produce images on heat-sensitive paper. Colorthermal printers are not as popular because of their cost and the requirement of specifically treated paper. Theyareamore special use printer that produces near photographic output. They are widely used in professional art and design work where very high quality color is essential.

第25页：绘图仪是特殊用途的输出设备

绘图仪是特殊用途的输出设备，用于产生条形图、地图、建筑绘图，甚至三维图表。绘图仪可以输出高质量的多种色彩的文档，并且文档的尺寸比大多数打印机能处理的要大。有四种类型的绘图仪：钢笔、喷墨、静电和直接图像。

Plotters Plottersare special-purpose output devices for producing bar charts, maps, architectural drawings, and even three-dimensional illustrations. Plotterscan produce high-quality multicolor documents and also documents that are larger in size than most printers can handle. Therearefour types of plotters: pen, ink-jet, electrostatic, and direct imaging.

第26页：声音输出设备声音输出设备可以发出类似于人

声音输出设备声音输出设备可以发出类似于人类说话的声音，但实际上是事先录制的声音。声音输出作为强化工具被用于辅助学习，例如帮助学生学习外语。它还被用于许多超市的收款台来确认购买。当然，它最强大的功能是用来帮助残障者。

Voice-Output Devices Voice-output devices make sounds that resemble human speech but actually are pre-recorded vocalized sounds. Voiceoutput is used as a reinforcement tool for learning, such as to help students study a foreign language. Itisusedin many supermarkets at the checkout counter to confirm purchases. Ofcourse, one of the most powerful capabilities is to assist the physically challenged.

第27页：习题1.2 一 判断正误

习题1.2 一 判断正误：根据课文内容判断下列说法正误。

Put“true”or“false”in the brackets for the following statements according to the passage.

1. ()The CPUisthe processor of a computer.
2. ()Thememoryofa computer can hold data and information permanently.
3. ()Diskettesare flexible, flat, circular pieces of mylar plastic that rotate within a jacket, and they can be bent easily.
4. ()Harddisksare instruments extremely sensitive to pollution, so magnetic tape is an effective compensation for making a backup of your programs and data.
5. ()Inputdevices accept people readable data and programs, and convert them to machine readable form; while output devices reverse the process.
6. ()Directentry doesn’tneed keyboard to input data and information into computer.
7. ()Mouse, touchscreen, light pen, digitizer and plotter are all direct entry devices.
8. ()Thermal printer must use specialized paper.

第28页：习题1.2 二 练习

习题1.2 二 练习：根据课文内容完成下列练习。

Fillinthe blanks according to the passage.

1. The CPUitselfhas two parts:___________________and_______________________.
2. The ALUperforms two operations:______________and________________.
3. Thebasicmath operations are:___________,__________,________,__________.
4. Imagescanner, fax-machine and bar-code reader are all__________________.
5. LCD, ELandgas-plasma are all___________displays.
6. Output devices convert_____________information into___________form.
7. LCDsare difficult to read in________or other___________.
8. One disadvantage ofdot-matrix printer is________.

第29页：习题1.2 三 翻译

习题1.2 三 翻译：将下列单词和短语译成中文。

Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese.

1. arithmetic-logic unit
2. volatile
3. optical disk
4. electromagnetic charges
5. time-consumig
6. direct entry
7. voice-input
8. inked ribbon
9. letter-quality
10. heat sensitive