08-1 Chapter 8 Embedded Systems 8.1 Come to study Embedded Systems.pptx

第1页：8.1 生词表

第2页：开始学习嵌入式系统嵌入式系统

Anembedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one orafew dedicated functions,often with real-time computing constraints. Itisusually embedded as part of a complete device including hardware and mechanical parts. In contrast,a general-purpose computer,such as a personal computer,can do many different tasks depending on programming. Embedded systems control many of the common devices in use today.开始学习嵌入式系统嵌入式系统是一种特殊目的的计算机系统，被设计用来执行一个或几个专门的功能，往往局限于实时计算。通常作为包括硬件和机械部件的完整设备的一部分嵌入于设备中。相比之下，通用计算机，如个人电脑，可以依靠不同的编程执行许多不同的任务。嵌入式系统控制现在的许多常用装置。

第3页：Figure 8.1 嵌入式系统内部构造

Figure 8.1 Picture of the internals of a Netgear ADSL modem/router. Amodern example of an embedded system. Labelled parts include amicroprocessor (4), RAM (6), and flash memory (7). 图8.1 Netgear ADSL调制解调器/路由器的内部组成图示。一个嵌入式系统的现代化用例。标示出的部分包括微处理器(4), RAM (6),以及闪存(7).

ADSL 调制解调器路由器内部构造

第4页：主句中的reducing the

[1]Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks,design engineers can optimize it,reducing the size and cost of the product,or increasing the reliability and performance. Some embedded systems are mass-produced,benefiting from economies of scale.分析：复合句。主句中的reducing the size and cost ofthe product, or increasing the reliability and performance为并列的现在分词短语，作结果状语。由于嵌入式系统专用于具体任务，设计工程师可以对其进行优化，缩减产品的尺寸和成本，或者提高其可靠性和性能。得益于经营规模扩大，一些嵌入式系统正在大量生产。

第5页：句中varyfromlow（A）

Physically,embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP 3 players,to large stationary installations like traffic lights,factory controllers,or the systems controlling nuclear powerplants.[2]Complexity varies from low,with a single microcontroller chip,to very high with multiple units,peripherals and networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure.分析：简单句。句中varyfromlow（A）toveryhigh（B），意思是在low（A）到veryhigh（B）之间的范围变化。例如：Thesefishva ryin weight from 3 lbto 5 lb.这些鱼的重量从3磅到5磅不等。注意区别：varyfromAtoA，意思是因A不同而不一样。例如：Opinionsvary from person to person.观点因人而异。实际上，嵌入式系统的应用范围从便携式设备如数字手表和MP3播放器，到大型固定装置如交通灯、工厂控制器、核电厂控制系统，应有尽有。嵌入式系统的复杂性不一，复杂性低的只有一个微控制器芯片，复杂性非常高的具有安装在大底盘上或封装起来的多个部件、外围设备和网络。

第6页：不是一个定义准确的术语

Ingeneral,"embeddedsystem"is not an exactly defined term,as many systems have some element of programmability. Forexample,Handheld computers share some elements with embedded systems—such as the operating systems and microprocessors which power them—but are not truly embedded systems,because they allow different applications to be loaded and peripherals to be connected.通常，“嵌入式系统”不是一个定义准确的术语，因为许多系统有一些可编程能力。例如，掌上电脑与嵌入式系统有一些同样的要素——如操作系统以及为操作系统提供支持的微处理器——但不是真正的嵌入式系统，因为它们允许加载不同的应用程序和连接外部设备。

第7页：需要重点注意的是

It’s important to note that an embedded system in no way implies a real-time system. Areal-time system responds to unpredictable external stimuli in a timely and predictable way.需要重点注意的是：嵌入式系统绝不意味着实时系统。实时系统以及时、可预测的方式对不可预测的外部刺激做出反应。

第8页：大多数嵌入式系统的另外一个有趣的特点是

One other interesting distinction of most embedded systems is that the software that is developed for them is built(compiled and linked)on another computer. Whenwebuild software on a standard desktop PC,we compile the source and run it on the same machine. Inanembedded system,wecommonly"cross-compile"our code on one system(thehost)and then execute on our embedded system(thetarget).The host and target commonly differ by architecture,so the cross-compiler generates code that is not executable on the host.大多数嵌入式系统的另外一个有趣的特点是：为嵌入式系统开发的软件在另一台计算机上生成（编译和链接）。当我们在标准台式电脑上生成软件时，我们在同一台机器编译并运行源代码。在嵌入式系统中，我们常把代码在一个系统机（主机）上“交叉编译”，然后在嵌入式系统（目标机）上执行。主机和目标机通常是不同架构的，所以交叉编译生成的代码不能在主机上执行。

第9页：习题8.1 一 判断正误

习题8.1 一 判断正误：根据课文内容判断下列说法正误。

Put“true”or“false”in the brackets for the following statements according to the passage.

1. ()Anembedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one orafew dedicated functions.
2. ()Anembedded system is usually embedded as part of a complete device including software and mechanical parts.
3. ()Physically, embedded systems range from portable devices to large stationary installations.
4. ()Design engineers can optimize“embedded system”to reduce the size and cost of the product, or increase the reliability and performance.
5. ()In general,“embedded system”is an exactly defined term, as many systems have some element of programmability.
6. ()Handheld computers share some elements with embedded systems, so they are truly embedded systems.
7. ()The embedded system is dedicated to general tasks.
8. ()A general-purpose computer can do many different tasks depending on programming.

第10页：习题8.1 二 练习

习题8.1 二 练习：根据课文内容完成下列练习。

Fillinthe blanks according to the passage.

1. Anembedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one orafew______functions, often with real-time computing______.
2. In contrast, a general-purpose computer can do many different tasks depending on_____.
3. Some embedded systems are______, benefiting from economies of scale.
4. Embedded systems control many of the common______in use today.
5. Handheld computers allow different_______to be loaded and______to be connected
6. The______________________is dedicated to specific task.
7. Anembedded system is a____________________system designed to perform one orafew dedicated functions, often with real-time computing constraints.
8. In contrast, a_______________can do many different tasks depending on programming.

第11页：习题8.1 三 翻译

习题8.1 三 翻译：将下列单词和短语译成中文。

Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese.

1. embedded system
2. economies of scale
3. peripherals
4. real-time system
5. general-purpose computer
6. real-time computing constraints
7. microprocessors
8. special-purpose
9. cross-compile
10. external stimuli