页数:31页文件大小:2.59 MB来源: 细胞生物学ppt课件
本课件从生命活动基本单位的七条论据切入,说明细胞在化学组成与形态结构上的共性,再以草履虫、神经元、红细胞等大量显微图像展示形态多样性,最后讨论限制细胞大小的三个因素与典型细胞尺寸。
知而获智智达高远
第二章细胞的基础知识
内容提要
第一节细胞的基本概念
一. 细胞是生命活动的基本单位
二. 细胞的基本共性1 基本元素及生物大分子的共性:
2.形态结构与功能的共性:
三. 细胞的形态与大小The form and size of cells1. 形状:球状、杆状、长方形、圆形、哑铃形、星形
草履虫
眼虫钟形虫
植物气孔细胞
植物薄壁细胞
木材中的导管
人类红细胞
巨噬细胞
神经元细胞
The red blood cells
Bloodcells,showninfalsecolor.Theredbloodcellsareoxygen-bearingerythrocytes,thewhitebloodcells(leukocytes)Immunesystemandfightinfection,andthegreencellsareplateletsthatprovidesubstancestomakebloodclotatawound
Fossilized dinosaur eggs
Budding yeast cellsscanningelectronmicrographofbuddingyeastcells.Aftereachbudbreaksfree,ascarisleftatthebuddingsitesothenumberofpreviousbudscanbecounted.Theorangecellsarebacteria
Eubacteria
大肠杆菌
A mass of archaebacteria 太古细菌(Methanosarcina 甲醇八叠球菌属) that produce their energy by converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas to methane . some species that live in the rumen of cattle give rise to >150 liters of methane gas/day
绿藻A colonial single-celled green alga, volvox aureus. The large spheres are made up of many individual cells, visible as blue or green dots.the yellow masses inside are daughter colonies, each made up of many cells
A single purkinje neuron of the cerebellum(小脑), which can form more than a hundred thousand connections with other cells through the branched network of a fluorescent (荧光)protein
动物细胞
植物组织
2. 大小:细胞的大小受以下几个方面的限制:
The human egg with sperm
下表列出几种常见细胞的直径(源文本表格数值粘连,已按名称与数值顺序拆分还原)。
| 名称 | 直径(μm) |
|---|---|
| 人卵 | 120 |
| 口腔上皮细胞 | 75 |
| 肝细胞 | 20 |
| 红细胞 | 7 |
| 变形虫 | 100 |
| 海胆卵 | 70 |
| 伤寒菌 | 2.4×0.5 |
| 肺炎球菌 | 0.2×0.1 |
源文本该表数值连续粘连,已按「名称—数值」一一对应拆分还原;另附原文说明:大多数动植物细胞直径在20~30μm之间,一般真核细胞大于原核细胞,卵细胞大于体细胞,鸵鸟卵黄直径可达5cm,支原体仅0.1μm,人的坐骨神经细胞可长达1m。
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