页数:48页文件大小:22.74 MB来源: 组织学与胚胎学ppt课件
本课件系统讲解神经系统的组织结构,涵盖脑脊神经节与自主神经节的细胞构成、脊髓灰质与白质分区、大脑皮质六层结构与垂直柱、小脑皮质三层结构与传入纤维,以及脑脊膜、血脑屏障和脉络丛。
神经系统(nervous system)
neuron
basic neuron types
接受刺激、传导冲动、整合信息;内分泌soma:Nissl body、neurofibrilneurite:dendrite、axonpseudounipolar neuronbipolar neuronmultipolar neuronneuron
Schwann cellsatellite cell
中枢神经系统(central nervous system)脑(brain)、脊髓(spinal cord)周围神经系统(peripheral nervous system)周围神经(peripheral nerve):神经纤维集聚脑脊神经(cerebrospinal nerve)自主性神经(autonomic nerve)神经节(ganglion):神经元胞体集聚脑脊神经节(cerebrospinal ganglion)自主神经节(autonomic ganglion)Nervous system
Spinal ganglion
感觉神经末梢
sympatheticganglion
sympatheticganglion:小强荧光细胞(small intensity fluorescent cell)电镜:胞质内含大量不同类型颗粒,经醛类试剂处理后,可诱发强烈荧光。与来自CNS的神经纤维形成突触,释放胺类神经递质,调节交感神经节细胞。parasympatheticganglion:壁内神经节(intraneural ganglion)神经丛(nerve plexus)——位于器官壁内的神经细胞群
autonomic nerve交感神经(sympathetic nerve)Ⅰ:脊髓胸腰段侧角Ⅱ:交感神经节副交感神经(parasympathetic nerve)Ⅰ:Ⅲ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ脑神经核及骶髓内Ⅱ:器官壁内Ⅰ:节前神经元、节前纤维Ⅱ:节后神经元、节后纤维(末端分布到心肌、内脏血管平滑肌、腺细胞)
central nervous system组成:大脑、间脑、中脑、小脑、脑干、脊髓。灰质(gray matter):神经元胞体集聚白质(white matter):神经纤维集聚
spinal cord
脊髓前角神经元
大脑皮质锥体细胞
astrocyte血脑屏障模式图
软膜与室管膜共同突向脑室的皱壁状结构。脉络丛(choroid plexus)室管膜(脉络丛上皮):单层立方或矮柱状功能:分泌脑脊液(cerebrospinal fluid)基膜结缔组织:富含毛细血管Cerebrospinal fluid:无色透明,K+、Na+、Cl-浓度高,蛋白质少。充满脑室、脊髓中央管、蛛网膜下隙、血管周隙,营养、保护脑和脊髓。
SummaryThe nervous system is divided into the central nervous system, consisting of thebrain, and the peripheral nervous system composed of nerve fibers and smallaggregates of nerve cells called nerve ganglioa.The central nervous system consists of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord.When sectioned, the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord show regions of whitematter and gray matter. In cross section of the spinal cord, white matter is peripheraland gray matter is central, assuming the shape of an “H”.In the cerebral cortex, the gray matter has six layers of cells with different formsand sizes.The cerebellar cortex has three layers: an outer molecular layer, a centrallayer of large Purkinje cells and an inner granule layer.The main components of the peripheral nervous system are the nerves, ganglia,and autonomic nerves.The autonomic nervous system is composed of two parts that differ bothanatomically and functionally: the sympathetic system and parasympathetic system.The blood-brain barrier results from the reduced permeability that is a property ofblood capillaries of nerve tissue. Occluding junctions, which provide continuitybetween the endothelial cells of these capillaries represent the main structuralcomponent of the barrier.
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