页数：36页文件大小：1.52 MB来源： 建筑工程专业英语ppt课件
本单元以土木工程师职业指南开篇，按数学技能、相关专业知识、沟通能力与压力管理四项素质给出能力占比，进而说明土木工程师如何让基础设施与建筑结构有效运转，并逐一介绍六大土木工程学科的工作内容、现场职责与执业压力，生词、注释、练习与参考译文配套齐全。
Unit 1 土木工程师（Civil Engineer）
Civil Engineer Career Compasses
We have come to expect a lot from our modern lives. We expect subway cars to transport us to our destination.
We expect our road not to flood when it rains. We expect bridges not to collapse when we drive over them.
We are able to take these expectations for granted thanks to the careful planning of a civil engineer.（Fig. 1.1） Text A Civil Engineer
Fig.1 the Goal Programming of Civil Engineers
In short, civil engineers make things work. They figure out how the infrastructures we use, and the structures we build can be designed to function effectively.
Civil engineers use their knowledge of scientific and mathematic principles, and their understanding of economic and environmental factors, to plan and oversee a project's design and construction. Usually, civil engineers are hired to work on large-scale projects that will affect many people.
Text A Civil Engineer
In addition to designing new projects, civil engineers are also hired to help upgrade existing ones. As the world's population increases, the systems we depend on—such as water supply, waste management, and transportation networks—must be adjusted.
More people in the world means increased pollution and fewer natural resources togo around. It is a civil engineer's job to figure out how we can function and progress as a civilization without depleting our planet's resources, which is why job opportunities in this field are plentiful even during times of economic crisis.
In fact, employment in civil engineering is predicted to grow by18percent over the course of the next decade. Text A Civil Engineer
Although certain civil engineers (usually referred to as ‘site engineers) oversee all aspects of work in one specialized discipline. There are six major civil engineering disciplines; Structural engineering focuses on how structures such as buildings, tunnels, and bridges can be designed to support themselves, and to withstand wear and tear.
Construction engineering deals with overseeing all aspects of a project's construction: duties range from developing project sites to evaluating supplies to drafting employment contracts. Water resources engineering focuses on the methods of managing and collecting water as a natural resource.
Environmental engineering (formerly known as sanitary engineering) focuses on pollution control, waste management, recycling systems, and the public health issues that may potentially arise from flaws in these facilities. Transportation engineering focuses on planning, constructing, and maintaining the infrastructures that get people from here to there, such as roadways, trains systems, airports, water ports, and subway systems.
Geotechnical engineering focuses on how rocks, soil, terrain, and other geological components of the planet influence our infrastructures. Text A Civil Engineer
A civil engineer's duties on a project vary depending on the particular discipline. If you area geotechnical or environmental engineer, a lot of your work maybe done outside, researching a project site's landscape or soil alongside a surveyor.
If you area construction engineer you might work both outside troubleshooting construction problems and inside writing plan specifications and contracts. For urban projects, part of your duties might include meeting with city administrators to discuss certain factors such as drainage codes, zoning regulations, pollution control laws, and community consensus results.
Text A Civil Engineer
As a civil engineer in any discipline, you must be both practical and creative. You must possess practical knowledge about scientific and mathematic principles toward new design solutions.
You must also have good communication skills, as the construction of large-scale projects depends upon the collaboration of many different people. You must also be good with details, deadlines, and multitasking in order to make sure that the different facets of a design plan will work together.
Text A Civil Engineer
Unlike an architect, who usually designs a single building that will affect a limited number of people, a civil engineer designs infrastructures that can affect entire cities. Overseeing projects on such a large scale puts an immense amount of pressure on the engineer to succeed.
If a project fails, you can beheld at fault, and in the worst cases, you could be charged with criminal negligence. If a project runs over budget or schedule, or a design needs re-thinking, you must be willing to put in extra hours to find solutions for these problems.
It is up to you as a civil engineer to make sure that everyone else involved in a project's completion is not wasting his or her efforts on faulty design. Civil engineering is a lot of responsibility, and you must be very confident in your abilities and tirelessly dedicated to your work.
On average, civil engineers work a standard40-hour week. However, their schedule is subject to change depending on certain phases of construction.
Text A Civil Engineer
说明：源文件音标采用专用字体编码，无法无损还原，此处保留单词、词性与中文释义。
4. Structural engineering focuses on how structures such as buildings, tunnels, and bridges can be designed to support themselves, andto withstand wear and tear.
结构工程主要集中于如楼房、隧道、桥梁等结构如何设计以支撑自身并经受损耗。focus on: 集中于某事物。e. g.
I'm so tired I can't focus (on anything) today. 今天我太累了，精神集中不起来。5.
It is up to you as a civil engineer to make sure that everyone else involved in a project’ s completion is not wasting his or her efforts on faulty design. 作为一个土木工程师，你有责任保证每一个涉及到工程竣工的人员都没有在错误的设计上浪费时间。be up to sb: 是某人的责任或义务。e.
g. It's up to us to help those in need.
我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。
II. Translate the follows terms into Chinese.
土木工程师职业指南搞清楚作为一个成功的土木工程师所要具备的素质。为了进行项目设计而进行的技术计算所必需的数学技能（30%）。涉及到工程建设的不同因素及其相互影响的相关知识(25%)。向与项目相关的不同人清楚地表达自己的想法或设计理念的交流能力(25%)。在对最后期限有严格要求的工作领域有应付压力的能力，在压力和长期多任务的情况下解决问题的能力(20%)。
目标：土木工程师我们对现代生活有着很多的期望。我们期望地铁载着我们到达目的地，我们期望下雨天道路不要雨水泛滥，我们期望在自己驾车通过的时候桥梁不要坍塌。因为土木工程师的精心设计，我们才能够想当然地认为这些期望都会实现。
图 1 土木工程师的目标规划
总之，土木工程师能让事情顺利实现。他们会搞清楚我们使用的基础设施以及我们所建的建筑物是如何有效地发挥作用。他们使用科学知识和数学原理以及他们对于经济和环境因素的理解，来规划和监督一个工程的设计和施工。通常，土木工程师们会受雇于会对很多人产生影响的大型工程中。
除了设计新的项目，土木工程师们也被雇来更新现有的工程。随着世界人口的增长，我们赖以生存的很多系统—例如供水、废物处理和交通网络—必须得以调整。全世界越来越多的人口就意味着更大的污染和更少的自然资源供我们使用。土木工程师的任务就是要指出作为一种文明，我们如何发挥作用并取得进步而不会耗尽地球的资源，这就是为什么在这个领域的工作机遇很多，即便是在经济危机时期。事实上，土木工程领域的就业率预计会在下一个十年中增长 18%。
虽然某些工程师（通常指“工地”工程师）在一个专门学科监督各个方面的工作。主要的土木工程学科有六个。结构工程主要集中于如楼房、隧道、桥梁等结构如何设计以支撑自身并经受损耗。施工工程主要是监督工程施工的各个方面：其职责从施工工地的规划到供给的估算到起草雇佣合同。水资源工程主要集中在自然水资源的管理与收集方法。环境工程（以前称作“卫生工程”）主要集中在污染控制、废物处理、再循环系统、以及此类设备的不足引起的潜在的公共健康问题。交通工程主要集中在计划、建设以及维护交通基础设施，如公路、铁路系统、机场、港口以及地铁系统。岩土工程主要集中在岩石、土壤、地形和其它地质构成对基础设施的影响。
学科不同，土木工程师的职责也有所不同。如果你是岩土或环境工程师，很多工作将在户外进行，和测量员一起研究工地的地形或土壤。如果你是结构工程师，你可能即在户外消除施工难题又在户内写规划细则和合同书。对于市区项目来说，你的部分职责或许会包括与市行政人员会面，和他们讨论某些诸如排水法规、分区法规、污染防治法以及社区协商结果等等的问题。
不论在哪一学科，作为一名土木工程师，都必须既要符合实际又要有创造性，都必须具备提供新的设计方案的科学与数学原则的实用性知识，必须具有良好的交流能力，因为很多大型项目的建设要靠很多不同的人的合作。为了确保一项设计规划的各个方面能够协同合作，你还必须善于处理细节，能遵守最后期限以及应付多重任务。
不像建筑师，他们通常设计影响有限人数的单个建筑，而土木工程师设计的是会影响整个城市的基础设施。监督这样的大型项目会给工程师的成功施加巨大的压力。如果项目失败，你会被追究责任，在最糟糕的情况下你会被起诉过失犯罪。如果一个项目超过了预算或进度表，你必须要花额外的时间来解决这些问题。作为一个土木工程师，你有责任保证每一个涉及到工程竣工的人员都没有在错误的设计上浪费时间。土木工程就意味着要负很多的责任，你必须对自己的能力有十分的自信而且要不知疲倦地投入到工作中去。土木工程师平均一周要工作标准的 40 个小时。然而，他们的工作日程又受到施工进度的影响而发生改变。
Make the Most of Your Journey Make the Most of Your Journey Winston Churchill once said, “We shape our buildings, thereafter they shape us.” Since the human race began, this has been true, as time passes, we make our systems, and products more advanced, thus advancing ourselves as a civilization. Those who work in engineering, mechanics, or architecture have some of the most important and exciting jobs because their work is at the forefront of this advancement.
These forward-thinking professions are concerned with creating ways for our rapidly growing population to progress while continuing to live and thrive our planet.
While attention to detail is important in these careers, attention to the big picture is also important. To find success, you must to be able to think big—not just about how your work will affect those around you now, but how it will affect the future of the human race as a whole.
Employers, clients, and other professionals will be excited to work with you if the can tell that you are genuinely interested in making a better place, and that you are able to think on a large enough scale to do so. Reading Material Make the Most of Your Journey
If you want to pursue a career in engineering, mechanics, or architecture, you have to love the work, and also be patient on your path to job success. As famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright once said about his chosen field, “I know the price of success, dedication, hard work, and an unremitting devotion to the things you want to see happen.” Just because you have a knack for gardening does not mean you will necessarily become a successful landscape architect overnight; if drawing maps is a hobby of yours.
It does not mean you possess all the necessary skills to work as a professional cartographer just yet. In order to work in many of these job fields, you must be licensed, and you must sometimes obtain educational degrees before even applying to take the li censure exams.
Just think about it the next time you are driving over the Golden Gate Bridge: aren t you glad the structural engineers involved in it s design were required by law to know exactly what they were doing? Dedication and extreme enjoyment of the work at hand will help see you through the seat-times tedious requirements.
If you are incredibly passionate about design, then taking some design classes to become legitimately qualified will be enjoyable learning experiences as opposed to mundane stepping-stones to be fulfilled in your career pursuit. Reading Material Make the Most of Your Journey
The building design has traditionally been the responsibility of the architect, though the building construction has been the responsibility of the civil engineer. Also, the structural designs of the building are the responsibility of a civil engineer.
On small projects, a civil engineer may sometimes been trusted with the architectural design work, along with structural designs. The main considerations in architectural design of buildings for all purposes areas follows: (1) Climate and its effect, (2) People and their requirements, (3) Materials for construction and method of construction, (4) Regulations and bye-laws of sanctioning authority.
Reading Material Make the Most of Your Journey
If you love what you do, you will also be able to find enjoyment even in the most stressful parts of your job. Financial motivational one will not sustain you through long hours and difficult projects.
Your paycheck will be steady for the most part, and you may even advance to a high-paying salary, but you should not pursue a career in engineering, mechanics, or architecture only because you are aiming to get rich. Professionals who find success in engineering, mechanics, or architecture are people whose priorities lie more in environmental issues and human interests than in financial gain and material wealth.
Reading Material Make the Most of Your Journey
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