页数：42页文件大小：1.71 MB来源： 建筑工程专业英语ppt课件
本单元讲解建筑工程与建筑施工管理的区别，说明建筑工程师在工程估算、现场安全、进度与质量控制中的职责，列出批判性思维、倾听、学习、问题解决、监督与决策等技能与能力要求，并给出典型课程构成与继续深造的学位方向。
Unit 2 建筑工程（Building Engineering）
Construction engineering Construction engineering concerns the planning and management of the construction of structures such as highways, bridges, airports, railroads, buildings, dams, and reservoirs.(Fig. 2.1) Construction of such projects requires knowledge of engineering and management principles and business procedures, economics, and human behavior.
Construction engineers engage in the design of temporary structures, quality assurance and quality control, building and site layout surveys, onsite material testing, concrete mix design, cost estimating, planning and scheduling, safety engineering, materials procurement, and cost engineering and budgeting. Text A Construction Engineering
Construction Engineering Fig. 2.1 Construction Projects
Construction Engineering Construction engineering is differentiated from construction management from the standpoint of the level of mathematics, science and engineering used to analyze problems and design a construction process.
Construction Engineering Work activities Construction engineers have a wide range of responsibilities. Typically entry level construction engineers analyze reports and estimate project costs both in the office and in the field.(Fig.
2.2) Other tasks may include: Analyzing maps, drawings, blueprints, aerial photography and other topographical information. Construction engineers also have to use computer software to design hydraulic systems and structures while following construction codes.
Keeping a workplace safe is key to having a successful construction company. It is the construction engineer's job to make sure that everything is conducted correctly.
Construction Engineering In addition to safety, the construction engineer has to make sure that the site stays clean and sanitary. They have to make sure that there are no impediments in the way of the structure's planned location and must move any that exist.
Finally, more seasoned construction engineers will assume the role of project management on a construction site and are involved heavily with the construction schedule and document control as well as budget and cost control. Their role onsite is to provide construction information, including repairs, requests for information, change orders and payment applications to the managers and/or the owner's representatives.
Construction Engineering Fig. 2.2 Construction Engineers
Skills Construction engineers should have strong understanding format hand science, but many other skills are required, including critical thinking, listening, learning, problem solving, monitoring and decision making. Construction engineers have to be able to think about all aspects of a problem and listen to other's ideas so that they can learn everything about a project before it begins.
During project construction they must solve the problems that they encounter using math and science. Construction Engineers must maintain project control of labor and equipment for safety, to ensure the project is on schedule and monitor quality control.
When a problem occurs，it is the construction engineer who will create and enact a solution. Text A Construction Engineering
Abilities Construction engineers need different abilities to do their job. They must have the ability to reason, convey instructions to others, comprehend multi-variables, anticipate problems, comprehend verbal, written and graphic instructions, organize datasets, speak clearly, visualize in4Dtime-space and understand Virtual Design and Construction methods.
Text A Construction Engineering
Educational requirements Atypical construction engineering curriculum is a mixture of engineering mechanics, engineering design, construction management and general science and mathematics. This usually leads to a Bachelor of Science degree.
TheB. S.
degree along with some construction experience is sufficient for most entry level construction engineering jobs. Graduate school maybe an option for those who want togo further in depth of the construction and engineering subjects taught at the undergraduate level.
Text A Construction Engineering
In most cases, construction engineering graduates look to either civil engineering, engineering management, or business administration as a possible graduate degree. For authority to approve any final designs of public projects (and most any project), a construction engineer must have a professional engineers (P.
E.) license. To obtain aP.
E. license the Fundamentals of Engineering exam and Principles and Practice in Engineering Exam must be passed and education and experience requirements met.
Text A Construction Engineering
说明：源文件音标采用专用字体编码，无法无损还原，此处保留单词、词性与中文释义。
1. Construction engineers engage in the design of temporary structures, quality assurance and quality control, building and site layout surveys, onsite material testing, concrete mix design, cost estimating, planning and scheduling, safety engineering, materials procurement, and cost engineering and budgeting.
建筑工程师参与到临时建筑物的设计、质量保证和控制、建筑和工地布局测量、现场材料检验、混凝土配合比设计、成本计算、计划与进度安排、安全工程、材料采购、成本管理和预算。engage in sth: 参加或从事某事。e. g.
I have no time to engage in gossip. 我无暇闲聊。
2. Finally, more seasoned construction engineers will assume the role of project management on a construction site…最后，经验丰富的建筑工程师要在建筑工地承担起项目管理的角色…本句中 seasoned 指有丰富经验的。3.
TheB. S.
degree along with some construction experience is sufficient for most entry level construction engineering jobs. 理学学士学位再加上一定的施工经验对于大多数基础水平的建筑工程工作就足够了。
II. Translate the follows terms into Chinese.
建筑工程建筑工程关乎公路、桥梁、机场、楼房、大坝和水库等建筑物施工的计划和管理。(图 2.1)这些项目的施工需要工程学、管理原则、商业程序、经济学和人类行为的知识。建筑工程师参与到临时建筑物的设计、质量保证和控制、建筑和工地布局测量、现场材料检验、混凝土配合比设计、成本计算、计划与进度安排、安全工程、材料采购、成本管理和预算。
图 2.1 建筑项目
从用来分析问题和设计施工过程中使用的数学、科学和工程学的情况的角度来看，建筑工程与建筑施工管理是有区别的。
工作活动建筑工程师肩负着一系列的责任。通常基础水平的建筑工程师要在办公室和工地分析各种报告以及估算项目成本。（图 2.2）其他的任务还包括：分析地图、施工图、工程蓝图、航空摄影测量以及其它地形信息。在遵循建筑法规的同时，建筑工程师还要用电脑软件设计水循环系统和建筑物。保持工作场所的安全是一个成功的建筑公司运营的关键。建筑经理的工作就是要确保每一项操作都要正确。
除了安全，建筑经理还要确保工地的整洁与卫生。他们必须要保证在建筑物计划位置没有任何障碍物，如果有的话必须要移走。最后，经验丰富的建筑工程师要在建筑工地承担起项目管理的角色，并大规模参与施工进度、施工文件管理和预算及成本控制。他们在工地上的角色是提供施工资料，包括修葺、资料请求、变更单、向经理和业主代表或向业主代表提出的支付申请。
图 2.2 建筑工程师
技能建筑经理对数学和科学有很强的理解力，但是也要求掌握其他的技能，包括批评性思考的能力、听的能力、学习能力、解决问题的能力、监督以及做出决定的能力。建筑经理必须能够想到一个问题的各个方面并且听取别人意见以便在在项目开始之前就能对它了如指掌。在项目施工期间，他们必须用数学和科学知识解决遇到的问题。施工经理必须坚持劳力和安全设备的项目控制，确保工程按计划进行并监督质量管理。当有问题出现时，建筑经理就应该找到并实施解决方案。
能力建筑经理需要不同的能力去做好他们的工作。他们必须具有思考能力，向别人表达指令的能力，理解多种可变因素的能力，预见问题的能力，理解口头、书面和图表指令的能力、编组数据集的能力、清楚表达的能力、四维时间和空间想象的能力以及理解虚拟设计和施工的方法。
学历要求典型的建筑工程课程包含了工程力学、工程设计、施工管理以及基础科学和数学。学完这些课程就能拿到理学学士学位。理学学士学位再加上一定的施工经验对于大多数基础水平的建筑工程工作就足够了。如果想对本科阶段学过的建筑和工程学科进行更深一步深入的学习的话，研究生院也许是不错的选择。
在大多数情况下，建筑工程专业的研究生都希望以土木工程、工程管理、或商业管理作为他们可能的研究生学位。管理机构要批准任何公共项目（几乎是所有项目）的最终设计，项目经理必须具有职业工程师许可证。要想获得职业工程师许可证，就必须通过工程基础考试和工程原理与实践考试，并达到学历和工作经验的要求。
Different Types of Buildings Different Types of Buildings Man requires different types of buildings for his activities: houses, bungalows and flats for his living; hospitals and health centers for his health; schools, colleges and universities for his education; banks, shops, offices, buildings and factories for doing work; railway buildings, bus stations and air terminals for transportation; clubs, theatres and cinema houses for recreation, and temples, mosques, churches, dharmshalasetc. for worship.
Each type of the above buildings has its own requirements. The above building activities are an important indicator of the country's social progress.
Houses, bungalows, flats, huts etc. provide shelter to man.
The first hut with bamboos and leaves can betaken as the first civil engineering construction carried out to satisfy the needs for a shelter. Before that, caves were his early abode.
The history of development of housing facilities reveals that man has been molding his environment throughout the ages, for more comfortable living. India still has many old cave temples with halls and rooms having beautiful carvings.
Egyptians constructed huge pyramids. The Greeks developed a style of proportions of building elements; these proportions are known as the Orders of Architecture.
Romans developed arches for vaults and domes. They used pozzolanas and, mortar, plaster and concrete.
During the Gothic period of architecture (1100-1500. A.
D.) churches with pointed arches and the ribs supporting masonry vaults were constructed. The arched ribs were supported by stone pillars strengthened by buttresses.
These structures led to the idea of framed structures. Reading Material Different Types of Buildings
The period from1750A. D.
onwards is known as the period of Modern Architecture. Due to economic pressure after the war, and due to industrial development, many new methods and materials of construction were developed.
The use of reinforced concrete construction triggered the rapid development of modern architecture. Functional structural components such as columns, chajjas, canopies, R.
C. C.
slabs became increasingly popular because of the increased speed in construction. Use of plywood, glass, decorative etc.
helped the designers to make the new structures look more elegant. Reading Material Different Types of Buildings
The building design has traditionally been the responsibility of the architect, though the building construction has been the responsibility of the civil engineer. Also, the structural designs of the building are the responsibility of a civil engineer.
On small projects, a civil engineer may sometimes been trusted with the architectural design work, along with structural designs. The main considerations in architectural design of buildings for all purposes areas follows: (1) Climate and its effect, (2) People and their requirements, (3) Materials for construction and method of construction, (4) Regulations and bye-laws of sanctioning authority.
Reading Material Different Types of Buildings
Types of Buildings National Building Code of India (SP: 7-1970) defines the buildings ‘any structure for whatsoever purpose and of whatsoever materials constructed and every part there of whether used as human habitation or not and includes foundations, plinth, walls, floors, roofs, chimneys, plumbing and building services, fixed platforms, verandah, balcony cornice or projection, part of a building or anything affixed there to or any wall enclosing or intended to enclose any land or space and signs and outdoor display structures’. Tents, sham ian as and tarpaulin shelters are not considered as building.
Reading Material Different Types of Buildings
According to the National Building Code of India (1970), Buildings are classified, based on occupancy, as follows: (1) Residential buildings.(2) Educational buildings.(3) Institutional buildings.(4) Assembly buildings.(5) Business buildings.(6) Mercantile buildings.(7) Industrial buildings.(8) Storage buildings.(9) Hazardous buildings. Reading Material Different Types of Buildings
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