第1页:第六章 灰分与矿物质
Chapter 6. Ash and minerals(第六章 灰分与矿物质)
第2页:第一节 灰分
Section 1. Ash(第一节 灰分)
第3页:灰分的概念
1.1 Ash concept
- Ash is the inorganic residue from the incineration of organic matter.(有机物灼烧后的无机残留物)
- Ash in food is determined by weighing the dry mineral residue of organic materials heated at elevated temperature (around 550℃).(约 550℃ 灼烧后称量干矿质残渣)
第4页:测定灰分的意义
1.2 Significance of ash
- Total ash is a widely accepted index of refinement of food, such as wheat flour or sugar.(总灰分是小麦粉、食糖等精制程度的公认指标)
- Total ash content is a useful parameter of the nutritional value of some foods and feeds.(是部分食品与饲料营养价值的评价参数)
第5页:灰分与掺假判定
- In fruit jellies and marmalades, ash content is used to estimate the fruit content of the product.(果冻、果酱中用于估测果肉含量)
- Determine adulteration of some food: juice, beverage, vinegar.(判定果汁、饮料、食醋的掺假)
第6页:灰化条件的选择(一)
1.3 Selection of ashing condition
- 1) Crucible materials(坩埚材质):Porcelain(瓷)、Quartz(石英)、Platinum(铂)
- 2) Sample amount: the ash amount should be 10-100 mg after ashing.(灰化后灰分量 10-100 mg)
第7页:灰化条件的选择(二)
- 3) Temperature: 500-600℃(温度)
- 4) Time: about 2-5 hours. The ash should be white or grey colour, and no carbon granules in it.(时间约 2-5 小时,灰分呈白或灰色、无炭粒)
第8页:灰分的测定步骤
1.4 Determination procedure
- 1) Preparation of porcelain crucible(瓷坩埚的准备)
- 2) Pretreatment of sample(样品预处理)
- 3) Charring: Why should sample be charred before ashing?(炭化:为何灰化前要先炭化)
- 4) Ashing(灰化)
第9页:水溶性灰分与水不溶性灰分
1.5 Water-soluble ash and water insoluble ash
- Water-soluble ash(水溶性灰分)
- Water insoluble ash(水不溶性灰分)
第10页:第二节 矿物元素
Section 2. Mineral elements(第二节 矿物元素)
第11页:矿物元素的概念
1. Preface
- What is mineral elements? Elements except C、H、O、N.(除碳、氢、氧、氮以外的元素)
- Constant elements(常量元素)
- Trace elements(微量元素)
第12页:钙的测定方法
2. Determination of calcium(钙的测定)
- KMnO4 titration(高锰酸钾滴定法)
- EDTA titration(EDTA 滴定法)
第13页:铁的测定方法
3. Determination of ferrous(铁的测定)
- Colorimetric methods(比色法)
- AAS method(原子吸收分光光度法)