第1页:第七章 酸度的测定
Chapter 7. Determination of acidity(第七章 酸度的测定)
第2页:第一节 概述
Section 1. General(第一节 概述)
第3页:酸度的概念
1. Concept of acidity
- 1. Total acidity(总酸度)
- 2. Effective acidity(有效酸度)
- 3. Volatile acid(挥发酸)
- 4. Acidity of milk(牛乳酸度)
第4页:测定酸度的意义
2. Significance of acidity
- Organic acid affects color, aroma, taste and stability of foods.(有机酸影响色、香、味与稳定性)
- Quality of foods can be judged by acidity.(可判定食品品质)
- Mature degree of some fruits can be judged by acidity.(可判断某些果蔬的成熟度)
第5页:食品中的有机酸
3. Organic acid kinds and distribution of foods
- There are organic acid and inorganic acid in foods, and mainly organic acid.(食品中有机酸与无机酸并存,以有机酸为主)
- Familiar organic acids in foods: citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and acetic acid.(柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、草酸、乳酸、乙酸)
第6页:第二节 酸度的测定
Section 2. Determination of acidity(第二节 酸度的测定)
第7页:总酸度的中和滴定
1. Determination of total acidity
- 1.1 Principle: RCOOH + NaOH = RCOONa + H2O;Indicator: phenolphthalein, pH 8.2(酚酞指示剂,pH 8.2)
- 1.2 Applying range: foods of slight color(适用于色泽较浅的食品)
第8页:pH 与有效酸度
2. Determination of pH
- pH test paper(pH 试纸)
- pH meter(pH 计)
第9页:酸度计与电极测定
第10页:电位滴定装置
第11页:挥发酸的测定意义
3. Determination of volatile acid
- Volatile acid: mainly acetic acid, along with trace of formic acid, not including lactic acid, CO2, SO2, etc.(挥发酸以乙酸为主,含微量甲酸,不包括乳酸、CO₂、SO₂)
- Content of volatile acid would increase because of fermentation of sugar, so it is an indicator of some foods’ qualities.(糖发酵使挥发酸增加,可作为品质指标)
第12页:挥发酸的测定方法
- Direct determination: separating volatile acid by distillation or solvent extraction, and then titrate using standard alkali.(直接法:蒸馏或萃取分离后用标准碱滴定)
- Indirect determination: removing volatile acid, and then titrate unvolatile acid.(间接法:除去挥发酸后滴定不挥发酸)
第13页:有机酸的分离与测定方法
Section 3. Separation and determination of organic acids in foods(第三节 食品中有机酸的分离与测定)
第14页:有机酸的测定方法
Determined methods
- Gas chromatography (GC)(气相色谱)
- Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC)(离子交换色谱)
- High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)(高效液相色谱)
- Thin layer chromatography (TLC)(薄层色谱)