页数：14页文件大小：251.0 KB来源： 仪器分析ppt课件
本课件为《仪器分析》课程导论，介绍教材与参考书、课程学习方法与教学目的，并系统串讲准确度、精密度、检测限等方法验证参数的内涵与英文表述。
WELCOME TO INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSISUV-VISGCHPLCFTIRAES AAS MSEMMISSIONELECTROCHEM
INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSI Se-COURSE NOTE By WU YANG
TEXTBOOKS:
Modern Analytical Chemistry, David Harvey,McGraw-Hill, Inter. Ed., Singapore, 2000
Contemporary Instrumental Analysis,K.A.Rubinson,J.F. Rubinson, Science Press & Prentice Hall, Inc.,Beijing, 2000(影印版）
HOW to study this course
熟悉仪器分析课程各章节的编排规律，各种方法的意义及特点、各种分析方法的联系和区别。
充分发挥学生的能动作用，做到师生互动；反馈渠道通畅。
协调好课堂学习与课后复习、课前预习的关系。
遵守课堂秩序和课堂纪律
Teaching Purpose
仪器分析是化学与化学工程类专业必修的基础课之一。通过本课程的学习
要求学生掌握:Principle of instrumental analytical methods in common use and simple setup；
要求学生初步具有An ability to developappropriate analytical procedure according to the analytical purpose based on the advantage and application fields of different instrumental analyses studied.
Chapter 1 PREFACE Description of Validation Parameters Accuracy Closeness of agreement between the value obtained by the method and the true value.Precision Expresses the closeness of agreement between series of measurements obtained from multiple sampling. Precision is often expressed as the standard deviation or Relative standarddeviation of replicate measurements (later on RSD). Note that amethod can be precise, but not accurate (so all your measurements may be close together, but the result is wrong).
Specificity The ability to measure the analyte in thepresence of components which we expect to be present in the sample matrix. So if you are determining the concentration of Iron and Chromiumin water by UV/Vis spectroscopy, if there are smallamounts of Fluoride and Chloride in the sample, willthat affect your measurement?Detection Limit The lowest amount of analyte in asample that can be detected, but not necessarilyquantitated. Usually the lowest limit is evaluated as the Signal-to-No ise ratio that is equivalent to 3 times the standard deviation of the no ise ( S/N = 3s).
Quantitation Limit The lowest amount of analyte in samplethat can be quantitated with suitable precision and accuracy.Usually the Quantitation limit is evaluated as the Signal-to-No ise ratio that is equivalent to 10 times the standarddeviation of the no ise ( S/N = 10s).Continued Linearity The range of concentrations of analyte for which the procedure provides test results that are in directcorrelation to the amount of analyte in the sample.Range The same as linearity, except the test results must alsobe accurate and precise (over the concentrations tested).Robustness (Ruggedness)Measure of an method’s capacity to remain unaffected by small but deliberate variations in method parameters.
Continued Analysis, Assay, Determination, Measurement,Identification These phrases are usually used to describe one process to determine the concentration of the analytes in sample Protocol, operation, method, procedure, measure,technique These phrases means method to evaluate the concentration of the analytes in sample
分析化学—化学分析、仪器分析
Analytical chemistry subject to study chemicalcomposition, structure and state of substances including chemical analysis and instrumental analysis.
Chemical analysis method to determine chemicalcomposition and content of the analytes in sample based on chemical reaction and stoichiometric relation ofteactants usually requiring chemical reagents, balanceand glassware.
仪器分析的产生为分析化学带来革命性的变化，仪器分析是分析化学的发展方向。
Characteristics of Instrumental Analyses（与化学分析比较）
Higher sensitivity, detection limit down to lower level如样品用量由化学分析的m L、mg级降低到仪器分析的μg、μL级，甚至更低。适合于微量（micro-)、痕量(trace)和超痕量(ultratrace)成分的测定。
Higher selectivity很多的仪器分析方法可以通过选择或调整测定的条件，使共存的组分测定时，相互间不产生干扰。
Simpler operation, faster assay & easy of automation
Poorer relative error化学分析一般可用于常量和高含量成分分析，准确度较高，误差小于千分之几。多数仪器分析相对误差较大，一般为5%，不适用于常量和高含量成分分析。
More expensive apparatus
常量分析、半微量和微量分析
Potentiometry(Half-cellpotention)
Conductimetry(Conductance)
Voltammetry(Polarography,stripping Voltammetry,Current-voltage)
Coulometry(Charge)
Amperometry(current)Electro chemical analysis
Gas Chromatography
Liquid Chromatography
Partition in phases Chromatographicanalysis
Emission spectra
Flame spectroscopy
Fluorescence
Phosphorescence
Emission of radiation
Spectrophotometry (UV,IR, Raman)
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Electro-spin Resonance Spectroscopy
Absorption of radiation折射法，干涉法，反射法等：Refraction, Reflection of radiation浊度法：Disperse of radiation X-ray衍射，电子衍射等：Diffraction of radiation偏振，旋光，圆二色等：Rotation of radiation Optical analysis Mass spectra(Mass/charge ratio)Thermo-analysisTG, DTA, DSC,Classification of instrumental analyses
Development Tendency
Higher accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, faster and simpler(更准确、更灵敏、专一、快速、简便)
Live organism assay
Non-destructive assay
Application of computer and stoichiometry,intelligentization of data analysis(信息采集，数据处理的智能化）
Multi-apparatus coupling techniques
On-line analysis Chapter 2 Gas Chromatography
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