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本课件以英文讲解紫外吸收光谱分析,介绍电子跃迁类型与朗伯-比尔定律,说明生色团、助色团与各类吸收带,并给出有机结构分析与定量测定实例。
Chapter 9Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry, UV(紫外吸收光谱分析)
Electronic transitions include three kinds of types:
N→V transitionsincludeσ→σ* transitions in saturatedorganic compounds andπ→π* transitions in unsaturated compounds.
N→Q transitions:a kind of transitions arise from the electron excitation from nonbonding orbital to anti-bonding orbital.
N→R transition:σelectron is excited to higher leveluntil it is ionized to molecular ion.
Charge transfer transitions:charge (electron) transfersbetween different parts of the compound due to chargeredistribution of the compound excited by radiation.
σ*: anti-bond orbital
(稀)(炔)(羰基)
σ→σ* >n→σ* ≥π→π*> →π*/ligand field transition Energy order of various electronic transitions:Vacuumultravioleradian Nearultravioleradiation Visible lightσ→σ*π→π*n→σ*n→π*n→π*Chargetransferελ/nm Wavelength region and intensity of Common electronic transitions
溶剂影响吸收波长,吸收强度及精细结构(fine structure)
d-
Mn++ Lb-M(n+1)+—L(b-1)-h
{Fe3+—SCN-]2+[Fe2+—SCN]2+h
UV-Visible spectrophotometer equippedwith auto-recorder
Application of UV-VI Sspectrophotometry
Purity exam in at ion
Qualitative analysis Comparison with absorption spectra of standard sample Comparison with standard spectra.Combinationλmaxwithεmax
Quantitative analysis[参阅杨武,高锦章,康敬万,光度分析中的高灵敏反应及方法,科学出版社,2001.11]
No any absorption spectrum in the region of 220 ~ 800nmimplies existence of acyclic(脂肪族)compound, amine(胺),nitrile(腈), alcohol, carboxyl acid, fluo-, chloro-hydrocarbon, without any cyclic conjugated system, and such groups as aldehyde, ketone, bromide, iodine ect.
Strong absorption peak in the region of 210 ~ 250nmsuggests possibly conjugated unit of two double bonds.
Strong absorption band in the region of 250 ~ 350nmsuggests conjugated unit of 3 to 5 of double linkages.
Only some weak peaks appear 270 ~ 350nm. It maybemeans that the compound contains only chromophore(发色团) with non-conjugated unshared electrons.
Middle strong bands accompanied with fine structure in the region of 250 ~ 300nm imply existence of phenyl group.
Determination of molecular configuration oforganic compound
In this example,analyte absorbs,titrant does not absorb In this example,analyte and titrant donot absorb,but product absorbs.
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