11 第十一章 Human Nutrition.ppt

第1页：人群营养封面

Human Nutrition

第2页：不同生理时期的人群

§1 Introduction Peoples in different physiological periods

• Pregnancy
• Lactation
• Growth Requirements
• Maintenance
• Labor or action

第3页：孕妇营养与健康

§2 Pregnant Nutrition 1 Healthpregnantwomen 2 Double Requirementsformother-foetus

第4页：妊娠分期与体重增长

妊娠分期与体重增长

MW指母体体重；原表胎儿体重单位在不同分期写法不一致，此处按原文保留。

第5页：母体生理变化：体重与器官

• 4 Changesof Mother-Physiology
• 4.1 Growth of mother’s BW：10-12.5kg in total, BMIA Uterus-growing B Placenta-occurring & growing , 10 -13m
• 2 C Embryo-Foetue：Initial BW -3300g, Height-50cm 4mg, 4-6w 5-7% , 9m

第6页：胚胎发育

Embryo Development

第7页：母体激素水平变化

Mother 4.2 The level of Hormones: Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) Human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) Estrogens Progesterone

第8页：母体代谢与器官功能变化

4.3 Basic metabolism 15-20%4.4 Change of blood system 30-40%4.5 Cardiovascular function 40%4.6 Gastrointestin function 4.7 Renal function 50% Syndrome: Anaemia (IDA) Gristle Leg Dropsy Hyperpressure

第9页：孕妇的能量与营养素需要

5 Mother’s Nutritional Requirement GE (general energy) from% in weeks CH2 O 55-60 0-10, +50kcal/d EE (Fat) 20-25 20-30, +200kcal/d CP (protein) 15-25 Last, +400kcal/d Table 4-2& DRIs Total, +80,000kcal/350 MJ

第10页：孕期各期营养素增量

孕期各期营养素每日追加量

表中「—」为原课件未单列该期数值。

第11页：孕妇膳食指导

6 Dietary Direction

• Eating More Fruits for Vitamins & Minerals
• Eating More Animal Protein
• Limited E intake For BW control in the last

第12页：乳母营养概述

§3 Lactation Nutrition 1 Health Adult Nursing Mother 2 Combining:Mother-Infant Both Requirement Maintenance Lactating

第13页：分娩与泌乳的生理准备

3 Parturition of Physiological Changes Nutritional storage for milk secretion

• Mammary gland development for Lactation
• Birth canal preparation Postpartum
• Nerve-Hormones：Prolactin, Oxytocin
• Parturition：成熟或接近成熟的胎儿从母体娩出胎盘与子宫剥离

第14页：产褥期的机体变化

Status Changes at moment

• 子宫与产道复原
• 血容量减少，脉搏、血压趋于正常
• 呼吸方式复原：胸式呼吸胸-腹式呼吸
• 食欲增加
• 体重下降，腹部逐渐复原
• 开始泌乳，哺乳 Suppl.

第15页：初乳的特点

4 Colostrum

• 1-7d
• Typicality：粘稠、微黄、微咸，呈弱碱性。
• Ingredients：High protein and immu-globin:Ig A，Ig M, lactoferrin and others, increasing anti-ill in infant Rich in Vitamins and Minerals High Mg, 具有轻泄作用,帮助胎粪排出 High Fe++, 10 over than milk High Na +, Cl-, K +---Low Lactose

第16页：泌乳量与成分变化

5 Milk Secretion quantity: 1d---50ml 2-14d---100-500ml/d 15d-6m---750-850ml/dafter 6m---400-600ml/d After 8-14 days The change of ingredients in milk compared to Colostrum

第17页：成熟乳的特点

Typicality

White, sweat

Ingredients

87.6% H2 OLow energy 7% Lactose (H) Mostly albumin Low Fe (no enough to infants) Vitamins level with food changing

第18页：泌乳曲线

Milk Curve

第19页：乳母的能量需要

乳母每日能量需要构成

哺乳期能量需要高于妊娠期。

第20页：乳母的营养素需要

Basic Lactating Total CP 70-75g/d 20-30g/d 90-110g/d EE +20% CH2 OCa 800+400=1200mg/d Fe 25mg/d Zn 10mg/d I 200g/d Se 65g/d

第21页：乳母的维生素需要

Vitamins Vit. A: Increase of milk with intake of mother 800g + 400g = 1200g /d.p Vit. D:Low in milk because of not in milkductgland from blood of mother Vit. C:Increase from 5mg/dl to 8 mg/dl 100mg+ 40mg = 140 mg /d.p Vit. B1: Increase, 0. 02mg/dl, RDA=2.1mg Vit. B2: Increase, 0.03mg/dl, RDA=2.1mg Niacin: Increase, 0.62mg/dl, RDA=21mg FH4:Increase, 50-60g /dl, RDA=270g

第22页：乳汁中的能量构成

• 7 GE in Milk for Infant% CP
• 5 Lactose
• 38 Milk Fat >50 能量比：Prot.:Carb.:Fat = 5%:38%:55%

第23页：乳母膳食指导

8 Dietary Direction for mother

• Intake more Vit. & minerals from fruits
• Intake more better protein from animal foods
• Intake more amount nutrients than normal