12 第十二章 Different aged people.ppt

第1页：不同年龄人群营养封面

Different aged people

第2页：年龄分期

Aged periods

• Infants
• Preschool child
• School child
• Adult
• Elder

第3页：婴幼儿营养概述

§4 Infants Nutrition& Food Supplement P181-188

第4页：新生儿的特点

1 Introduction 1.1 Birth to face

• 1th Stress, out of mother
• 1th Fast growing period(0-3y)1.2 New Born: Indexes
• BW：3.3kg (2-4kg/BW)
• BH：50-55cm
• Chest cycle < Head cycle
• Survival in 0 day-2 weeks

第5页：婴幼儿生长发育指标

婴幼儿体重与身长发育

胸围由与头围相等逐渐超过头围；胃容量由30-50毫升增至100-200毫升，乳牙4-10月萌出共20颗。

第6页：婴幼儿体成分

3 Body compositionsuppl.3.1 Ratio 3.1.1 New born: H2 OFat%7512-153.1.2 1-yare old:H2 OFat%6024

第7页：婴幼儿的能量需要

4 Nutritional Requirement 4.1 Property: Higher Nutr/Energy density 4.2 Energy

• Amount is 3-4 times as adults
• CH2 O & fat are same important for supplying E
• DRIs：100-200kcal/kg BW + 5kcal/1g BWCH2 O = 5g/kg BWFat = 4g/kg BW, 30-45% in GEBoth supply is over 2/3 in GE

第8页：婴幼儿的蛋白质需要

4.3 Protein Amount is 3-5 times as adultsrequires more better protein 1.5-3.0g/kg.BW/d DRIs: 1.6-2.2g/kg BW by mother’s nursing 3-4g/kg BW by suckling cow milk 8+1（Histidine), Lys/1st 1y-old: 35g/d; 2-3y-old: 40g/d

第9页：婴幼儿的脂肪碳水与水需要

4.4 Fat:

6m-old

45-50% in GE

1y-old

35-40% in GE

2-3y-old

30-35%4.5 Carbohydrate:Cereal CH2 O Allergy diarrhoea Amount to be increasing 4.6 Water 120-150ml/kg BW/d Reasons: easy to de-water & help to excrete

第10页：婴幼儿的矿物质与维生素

4.7 Minerals

Ca

400-600mg/d.p

Fe

10mg/d.p in 4m

Zn

3-5mg/d.p

Se

15g/d.p

I

40-50 g/d.p

Na Cl > 6m-old 4.8 Vitamins

A, D, Bcom

第11页：婴幼儿喂养方式

5 Feeding methods & principle

• Nursing (Breast milk)
• Formula Milk
• Weanling Foods’ Supplement

第12页：母乳喂养的要点

5.1 Nursing directionp 1845.1.1 Mother nursing:Breast milk suckling in 24hs A Composition: Ca & Protein CH2 O B Colostrum: Supply Ig A, Ig M, Lymph T, Lactoferrin, Lysozyme et al forimproving its immune 5..1.2 Emotion & health for M-I5.1.3 Nursing/Wetting time: 4-10m A Time & amount B Supplying sequence

第13页：配方奶粉的原则与应用

5.2 Formula milk powderp 186-187

Principle

Designing for different aged Additiving whey, AA (Lys), FA, lactoce---Moving out protein, CA, Na, K and Cl from dairy

Application

0-6m-old & 6-12m-old for Mixture feeding or artificial feeding

Weanling foods

as breast nuring

第14页：断奶期食品

5.3 Weanling foodsp 185-187 Dairy milk continouring

• 2ndstress after birth
• Food style change Liquid half solid solid Simple complex
• Weaning time：4 -10m old
• Stand up to walk 0-1y-old

第15页：断奶食品的种类与添加原则

Kinds of weanling foods

汁液

蔬菜汁、果汁等

泥

蛋黄、果泥、菜泥、肉泥、肝泥等

羹

蛋羹、鱼羹、肉羹、米糊、面糊等

粥

菜粥、肉粥、鱼粥、肝粥等

烂面条

菜面、肉面、鱼面等

烂饭

菜饭、肉饭、鱼饭等 Principle 先单一、低浓度混合物、较高浓度 5-10 天起喂葡萄糖水，避免新生儿黄胆 6 月龄前尽量避免用食盐 4-6 月龄起注意补充：Fe, Vit.D & A

第16页：1-3岁幼儿膳食安排

6 Meals arranging for 1-3y-old infants

• Dairy milk：2-4 cups/d
• 3 meals + 2-3 snacks
• Fruids
• Special cooking
• Suitable dietary energy supplying with good protein

第17页：婴幼儿常见营养缺乏病

7 Innutrition/abiotrophyp 188

• Richets
• IDA
• Zinc deficiency
• Protein deficiency