第1页：维生素营养封面
Vitamin
第2页：维生素概述
Introduction
- Small molecule organic compounds
- From Foods
- No composition in body
- No supplying energy
- Joining metabolism
第3页：维生素的命名
Name
- According to the finding history, A B C D----
- According to its physiological action, Soluble
- According to its chemical structure
第4页：维生素的分类
Classification
- Lipid-solution
- A, D, E, K
- Liquid-solution
- Bcom, C, choline
第5页：维生素缺乏的原因与类型
Vitamin Deficiency 1 Reasons Lower supply from food Lower absorption in gut Requirement increase in crowds Others 2 Deficiency Clinic or Original Marginal Secondary Cooperation Assisting Anti-assisting
第6页：维生素的共同特点
Typicality
- Coenzyme/cofactor/adjuvant
- Destroyed easily
- Lipid-vitamin is easy to store in body-toxin
- Liquid-vitamin is rich in foods, and easy to excreted
第7页：维生素A标题页
§Vit. A, Retinol
第8页：维生素A的功能与缺乏
- Typicality
- Absorption & metabolism
- Function：6 kinds 1 Vision: visual yellow, dark adaptation 2 Epithelial growing& cell developing 3 Improving immune 4 Anti-oxidation & anti-cancer
- Deficiency：Night blindness Epithelial hurting Delaying growth
第9页：维生素A的摄入量与食物来源
RNI & Food Source
- RE 800ug/700ug Ul/Vit.A 3000ug/d (2250 IU)
- In animal foods, such as liver, yolk, fish oil
- In vegetables, such as β-carotene Toxicity:half-life 128-154d/in body
第10页：维生素D标题页
§Vit. D, Cholecaliferol 1,25-(OH)2 Vit DD3cholecalciferol D2ergocalciferol
第11页：维生素D的功能与缺乏
- Typicality Absorption & metabolism
- Function：5 kinds 1 Adjusting Ca absorption & re-absorption 2 Maintaining Ca balance in blood 4 Assisting Ca deposit in bone or tooth 5 Anti-oxidation
- Deficiency：Bone loss/osteoporosis Rhachitis Gristle Convulsion
第12页：维生素D的摄入量与来源
RNI & Food Source
- RNI 5-10ug/d (300-400 IU) UL 20 ug /d
- Rich in liver, yolk, fish oil and so on D transfering in skin Toxicity: the same as ARatio: A:D =8-10:1
第13页：维生素E标题页
§Vit.E, Tocopherol (αβγδ)
第14页：维生素E的发现与功能
- History：1922 got it from malt oil,Chemist 伊万斯 in US, named Tocopherol
- Typicality
- Absorption & metabolism
- Function 5kinds 1 Anti-oxidation / GSH-Px 2 For RBC4 For DNA, Co Q5 For reproductivity
第15页：维生素E的缺乏与摄入量
- Deficiency：E+Se, 骨骼肌、心肌损伤
- Effects：Gossypol, microelements
- RNI10-12 mg/d
- Rich invegetable oil, nuts, meat, egg, milk
- Toxicity：>400mg/d
第16页：维生素K标题页
§Phylloquinone, Vit.K
第17页：维生素K的功能与摄入量
- Typicality：K1, K2, ,yellow
- Absorption & metabolism
- Function 凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ的成分 1 Coagulating 2 Anti-oxidation 3 Hormone-similar, increasing T3/T44 Improving gastr-intestine movement
- RDA 65-80mg, UL500mg
第18页：B族维生素标题页
§Vit. B Family
第19页：
第20页：维生素B1硫胺素
- 1897 found by Dr. Eijkman, 1936 realized its structure
- Typicality：White crystal Absorption & metabolism By 80% TPP, 10% TTP, TMP25-30mg total in body, 50% in muscle
- Function 1 Coenzymes 2 For Energy Metabolism, ATP4 For AA---COO-5 For Nerves transfer---choline
- Exhausted：1mg /d, 2-3w used at all
- Deficiency：Beriberi, Aneurin
- RNI=1.3-1.4mg/d, UL=50mg/d
第21页：维生素B2核黄素标题页
Riboflavin, Vit.B2
第22页：维生素B2的功能与缺乏
- Typicality：Orange crystal
- Absorption & metabolism
- Function 1 Coenzymes：FMN-FAD-flavoprotein 2 Energy Metabolism +B1+B2+B6 +PPsynthesis 3 Fe absorbing 4 Anti-oxidation: GSSG
- Exhausted：60-80d
- Deficiency：Dermatitis
- RNI：1.2-1.4mg/d
- Good sources：Yolk, meat, cereals, green vegetables
第23页：烟酸维生素PP标题页
Niacin, Nicotinic Acid, Vit.PP, B3
第24页：烟酸的发现历史
- History
- 18centry, found a disease in Italy, pellagra 1912 Funkfound a Vit could cure it 1926 yeast cured it 1937named it,pellagra preventive factor,PP
- Typicality
- White crystal
- Absorption & metabolism
- Small intestine + liver
- Typicality
- White crystal
- Absorption & metabolism
- Small intestine + liver
第25页：烟酸的功能与缺乏
- Function 1 Coenzymes：NAD, NADP2 For insulin, GTF-glucose tolerance factor (25mg/kg/d)3 For protein and fat synthesis
- Deficiency：Pellagra, dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
- RNI=13-14mg/d, UL= 35mg/d
- Good sources：Liver, cereals, green vegetables
第26页：维生素B6标题页
Vit. B6
第27页：维生素B6的功能与来源
- 1926 found dermatitis in rats when its deficiency
- 1934 found and named by Prof. Snell Gyorgy 匈牙利
- 1938 Prof. Gyorgy got crystal B6and knew its structure
- 1939 man-made
- Typicality：White crystal
- Absorption & metabolism：Small intestine 75-80% in muscle
- Function 1 Coenzymes：> 1002 Nerve system, -CH33 EM
- Deficiency
- AI= 1.2mg/d
- Good sources：white meat
第28页：叶酸标题页
Folic Acid
第29页：叶酸的功能与摄入量
- 1943 found by Lederle
- Typicality：Yellow crystal
- Absorption & metabolism：Small intestine, 50%
- Function (H4 F)1 hemoglobin-RBC2 nerve development 3 –CH3
- Deficiency
- RNI= 400ug/d, UL 1000ug/d
- Good sources：fruits, green vegetables, nuts, beans, egg, meat
第30页：维生素B12标题页
Vit.B12
第31页：维生素B12的历史与吸收
- History
- 1926 found by Minot and Murphy 1934 获生理学和医学诺贝尔奖。1948 divided into B12 in US1956 Hodgkin X 射线 its structure 1964 获化学诺贝尔奖 1972 man-made by Woodward
- Typicality
- dark red crystal
- Absorption & metabolism
- link inn-factor
第32页：
第33页：维生素B12的功能与来源
- Function 1 For RBC2 For nerve development 3 For cofactors, CH3-
- Deficiency:
- RDA:
- Good sources：fruits, green vegetables, nuts, beans, egg, meat
第34页：
第35页：
第36页：维生素C的功能与缺乏
- 1928-1932 found
- Typicality：White crystal
- Absorption & metabolism
- Function 1 Coenzymes 2 Fe absorbing 3 Anti-oxidation 4 Improving immune
- Deficiency：Scurve, perifollicuar hemorrhage
- RNI100mg/d, UL <1000mg/d
- Good sources：fruits, green vegetables, nuts, beans, egg, meat
第37页：英国膳食维生素来源构成
Vitamins percent from Foods in UK
