页数:30页文件大小:142.5 KB来源: 有机化学(甲)ppt课件
本课件为有机化学常用术语表,按字母顺序汇编光谱、反应、化合物与命名相关的英汉对照词条,便于阅读英文教材与文献时快速查检。并按主题归纳常用缩略语、词根与构词规律。
本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
Aabsorbance.opticaldensity;extinction;decadicabsorbance.Ameasureoftheamountoflightabsorbedbyasample.absorptionspectroscopy.absorptionspectrum.acetate.(CH3COO-,C2H3O2-) acetateion.aceticacid(CH3COOH,HC2H3O2)ethanoicacid;vinegaracid;methanecarboxylicacid.acidanhydride.acid-baseindicator.Aweakacidthathasacidandbaseformswithsharplydifferentcolors.aciddissociationconstant.(Ka)acidionizationconstant.The
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A2 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
2compoundsthatcanbepackedinadefiniteratiointoacrystal.adhesion.(cohesion)Attractionbetweendifferentsubstancesoneithersideofaphaseboundary.adsorbent.Asubstancethatcollectsmoleculesofanothersubstanceonitssurface.adsorptionchromatography.Atechniqueforseparatingoranalyzingmixturesthatcontainatleastonecomponentthatispreferentiallyadsorbedbythestationaryphaseasitmovesoverit.aeration.aerate.Preparationof
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A3 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
3alkylhalide.Analkylgroupattachedtoahalogenatom.alkyne.Acompoundthatconsistsofonlycarbonandhydrogen,thatcontainsatleastonecarbon-carbontriplebond.Alkynenamesendwith-yne.allo-.Aprefixthatdesignatesthemorestableofapairofgeometricisomers.allo-issometimesusedlesspreciselytodesignateisomersorcloserelativesofacompound.allomer.allomerism.Substanceswithdifferentchemicalcompositionbutthesamecrystallineform
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A4 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
4antioxidant.Antioxidantsarecompoundsthatslowoxidationprocesses.antiozonant.antiozidant.Substancesthatreverseorpreventsevereoxidationbyozone.aquaregia.Amixtureofnitricandhydrochloricacids,usually1:3or1:4partsHNO3toHCl,usedtodissolvegold.aqueous.(aq)aqueoussolution.Asubstancedissolvedinwater.arene.Ahydrocarbonthatcontainsatleastonearomaticring.arginine.(R,C6H14N4O2)Arg.Anessentialaminoacidandbuildi
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 D 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
5Bbacktitration.indirecttitration.Determiningtheconcentrationofananalytebyreactingitwithaknownnumberofmolesofexcessreagent.bandspectrum.bandspectra.Anemissionspectrumthatcontainsgroupsofsharppeaksthataresoclosetogetherthattheyarenotdistinguishableseparately,butonlyasa"band".bar.Unitofpressure.1bar=105pascals=1.01325atmospheres.basehydrolysisconstant.(Kb)baseionizationconstant;basichydrolysisconsta
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 T 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
6Ccaffeine.(C8H10N4O2)methyltheobromine;guaranine;1,3,7-trimethylxanthine;1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine.calorie.Theamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1gofwaterat14.5°Cto15.5°C.carbohydrate.carb.Aclassoforganiccompoundsincludingsugarsandstarches.carbon.C.Anelementwithatomicnumber6.carbondioxide.(CO_2)Acolorless,odorlessgasproducedbyrespirationandcombustionofcarbon-containingfuels.carbonmo
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 H 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
7chemicalequation.chiral.chirality.Havingnonsuperimposablemirrorimages.chiralcenter.asymmetriccenter.Anatominamoleculethatcauseschirality,usuallyanatomthatisboundtofourdifferent groups.chromatography.Chromatographyisamethodforseparatingmixturesbasedondifferencesinthespeedatwhichtheymigrateoverorthroughastationaryphase.chromophore.Comparewithauxochrome.Agrouporsubstructureonamoleculethatisresponsib
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A5 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
ofcrystalsfromasolutionofthesubstance.cupric.(Cu2+)cupricion.cuprous.(Cu+)cuprousion.cyanide.(CN-)cysteine.AnaturallyoccuringaminoacidwithanSHgrouponitssidechain.cystine.dicysteine.Comparewithcysteine.Anaturallyoccuringaminoacidwithadisulfidebridgegrouponitssidechain,formedbycondensationoftwocysteineresidues.DD-.D-isomer.ComparewithL-.Prefixusedtodesignateadextrorotatoryenantiomer.decomposition.de
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 T2 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
9toadiazoniumsalt.dichloromethane.(CH2Cl2)diffraction.diffract.Theabilityofawavetobendaroundtheedgesofobstaclesorholes.dilute.diluted;diluting.Comparewithconcentrate.Havingarelativelylowconcentration.dilution.Addingsolventtoasolutiontoloweritsconcentration.dipole-dipoleinteraction.dipole-dipoleforce.Electrostaticattractionbetweenoppositelychargedpolesoftwoormoredipoles.displacement.displacementrea
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 C 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
10anelectronwhenotherelectronsareshieldingthenucleus.efflorescent.efflorescence;efflorescing.Comparewithdeliquescentandhygroscopic.Efflorescentsubstanceslosewaterofcrystallizationtotheair.Thelossofwaterchangesthecrystalstructure,oftenproducingapowderycrust.electriccharge.charge.Apropertyusedtoexplainattractionsandrepulsionsbetweencertainobjects.Twotypesofchargearepossible:negativeandpositive.Objec
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 E 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
Endpoint.endpoint.Comparewithequivalencepoint.Theexperimentalestimateoftheequivalencepointinatitration.H)are11enthalpy.(H)enthalpychange.Enthalpy(H)isdefinedsothatchangesinenthalpy(equaltotheheatabsorbedorreleasedbyaprocessrunningatconstantpressure.enthalpyofatomization.enthalpyofcombustion.enthalpyoffusion.enthalpyofhydration.enthalpyofneutralization.enthalpyofreaction.enthalpyofsolution.enthalpy
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A6 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
12amountofproductproducedinachemicalreaction.extraction.Atechniqueforseparatingcomponentsinamixturethathavedifferentsolubilities.Ffattyacid.Fattyacidsarecarboxylicacidswithlonghydrocarbonsidechains.femto-.(f)PrefixusedintheSIsystemmeaning"multiplyby10-15".fermentation.Aclassofbiochemicalreactionsthatbreakdowncomplexorganicmolecules(suchascarbohydrates)intosimplermaterials(suchasethanol,carbondioxi
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 T3 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
freezingpoint.(mp)standardmeltingpoint;normalmeltingpoint;meltingpoint.Thetemperatureatwhichthevaporpressureofaliquidisequaltothevaporpressureofthecorrespondingsolidform.frequency.()Thenumberofcyclesofawavethatmovepastafixedobservationpointpersecond.functionalgroup.Asubstructurethatimpartscharacteristicchemicalbehaviorstoamolecule,13Ggeometricisomer.Geometricisomersaremoleculesthathavethesamemolec
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A7 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
14halide.halideion.Acompoundorioncontainingfluorine,chlorine,bromine,iodine,orastatine.halogen.groupVIIA;group18.heat.Comparewithwork,energy,enthalpy,andtemperature.Heatisatransferofenergythatoccurswhenobjectswithdifferenttemperaturesareplacedintocontact.heavywater.(D2O)Waterthatcontains2H,ratherthan1H.helium.He.Element2,atomicweight4.0026.heterocyclic.heterocycle;heterocyclicring.Anorganicgroupor
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A8 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
15hydrolysis.Acatch-alltermforanyreactioninwhichthewatermoleculeissplit.hydroniumion.(H3O+)hydronium.TheH3O+ion,formedbycaptureofahydrogenionbyawatermolecule.hydrophilic.hydrophilicity;hydrophilicgroup.Apolarmoleculeorgroupthatcanformstronghydrogenbondswithwater.hydrophobic.hydrophobicity;hydrophobicgroup.Anonpolarmoleculeorgroupthathaslittleaffinityforwater.hydroxyl.Comparewithhydroxide.hydroxide
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A9 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
16ion.Anatomormoleculethathasacquiredachargebyeithergainingorlosingelectrons.ionexchange.ionexchangeresin;ionexchanger.Ionexchangeisamethodofseparatingionsfromasolutionbyreversiblybindingthemontoaresinthathaschargedsitesonitssurface.ionicdissociation.ionize;ionization.Whenionicsubstancesdissolve,theirionsaresurroundedbysolventmoleculesandseparatedfromeachother.ionicequation.completeionicequation.C
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 T4 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
17Kkelvin.(K)TheSIbaseunitoftemperature,definedbyassigning273.16Ktothetemperatureatwhichsteam,ice,andwaterareatequilibrium(calledthetriplepointofwater).Thefreezingpointofwateris273.15K.ketone.(R-CO-R')Anorganiccompoundthatcontainsacarbonylgroup.kilo-.(k)PrefixusedintheSIsystemmeaning"onethousandof".kilogram.(kg)Thekilogram(kg)isthebaseunitofmassintheSIsystemofunits.kineticenergy.Comparewithpotenti
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 P 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
redinacidicsolution.litmuspaper.litmustest.Paperimpregnatedwithlitmus,usuallycutinnarrowstrips.lonepair.nonbondingpair;unsharedpair.Electronsthatarenotinvolvedinbonding.lysine.Lys.Anaturallyoccurringaminoacidwithanaminegrouponitssidechain.Mmagneticquantumnumber.(m)subshell.18Quantumnumberthatlabelsdifferentorbitalswithinamaingroupelements.Elementsofthesandpblocks.massnumber.(M,A)Comparewithatomicn
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 T5 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
19molarmass.Themassofonemoleofamaterial.molarvolume.Thevolumeoccupiedbyonemoleofamaterial.molarity.(M)molarconcentration.Concentrationofasolutionmeasuredasthenumberofmolesofsoluteperliterofsolution.molecularequation.Comparewithionicequation.Amolecularequationisabalancedchemicalequationinwhichioniccompoundsarewrittenasneutralformulasratherthanasions.molecularformula.molecularmodelstickmodel;balland
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 C2 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
20neutron.(n,10n)Comparewithprotonandelectron.Anelementaryparticlefoundtheatomicnucleusofallstableatomsexceptthehydrogen-1atom.nitrite.(NO2-)nitrate.(NO3-)nitricacid.(HNO3)aquafortis.nitrogen.(N)nomenclature.Asystemfornamingthings.noblegascore.([X],whereXisthesymbolofaninertgaselement)coreconfiguration.nonpolar.Havingarelativelyevenorsymmetricaldistributionofcharge.nuclearbindingenergy.Energyneede
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A10 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
chemicalreaction.oxidationnumber.oxidationstate;positivevalence.oxide.Abinarycompoundthatcontainsoxygeninthe-2oxidationstate.oxygen.(O)Element8,atomicweight15.9994,Pparaffin.paraffinwax.paramagnetism.paramagnetic.Comparewithdiamagnetismandferromagnetism.Paramagneticmaterialsareattractedtoamagneticfieldduetothepresenceofleastoneunpairedspinintheiratomsormolecules.pascal.(Pa)TheSIunitofpressure,equa
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 T6 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
photochemistry.Thestudyofchemicalchangescausedbylight.photoelectriceffect.Ejectionofelectronsfromanatomormoleculethathasabsorbedaphotonofsufficientenergy.photoelectron.Anelectronejectedfromanatomormoleculethathasabsorbedaphoton.photosynthesis.Acomplexprocessusedbymanyplantsandbacteriatobuildcarbohydratesfromcarbondioxideandwater,usingenergyderivedfromlight.physicalchemistry.chemicalphysics.physica
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 P2 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
23proline.Pro.Anaturallyoccurringaminoacidwithaheterocyclicringthatisclassifiedasnonessentialinthediet.propane.(C3H8)protein.Acomplexpolymermadebylinkingtogetheraminoacidmolecules.proton.(p+)Comparewithelectronandneutron.Anelementaryparticlefoundtheatomicnucleuswithapositivechargeequalandoppositethatoftheelectron.protondonor.acid.pseudocore.puresubstance.substance.pyrophoric.pyrophoricsolid.Catche
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A11 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
24reactionmechanism.mechanism.Alistofallelementaryreactionsthatoccurinthecourseofanoverallchemicalreaction.reagent.Asubstanceormixturethatisusefulinchemicalanalysisorsynthesis.rearrangementreaction.isomerization;isomerize.Areactioninwhichareactantandproductareisomersofeachother.receptor.receptorsite.Amoleculeorsurfaceinacellthatrecognizesandbindstoaspecificmessengermolecule,leadingtoabiologicalres
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A12 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
electrons.silicate.1.Anegativelychargedioncontainingsiliconandoxygen,usuallySiO3-2,Si2O7-6,andSi3O7-2.2.Acompoundcontainingpositivelychargedmetalionscombinedwithnegativelychargedionsmadeofsiliconandoxygen.singledisplacement.singlereplacementreaction;singledisplacementreaction;singlereplacement.sigmabond.(bond)Inthevalencebondtheory,asigmabondisavalencebondthatissymmetricalaroundtheimaginarylinebet
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A13 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
263.Abranchofchemistrythatquantitativelyrelatesamountsofelementsandcompoundsinvolvedinchemicalreactions,basedonthelawofconservationofmassandthelawofdefiniteproportions.strongacid.Astrongacidisanacidthatcompletelydissociatesintohydrogenionsandanionsinsolution.strongbase.Astrongbaseisanbasethatcompletelydissociatesintoionsinsolution.structuralformula.Astructuralformulaisadiagramthatshowshowtheatomsi
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A14 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
27samemolecule.tetrahedral.Amolecularshapethatresultswhentherearefourbondsandnolonepairsaroundthecentralatominthemolecule.theoreticalyield.maximumyield;stoichiometricyield.thermal.Pertainingtoheat.thermalenergy.energyanobjectpossessesbyvirtueofitstemperature.thermochemicalequation.Ancompactequationrepresentingachemicalreactionthatdescribesboththestoichiometryandtheenergeticsofthereaction.thermoche
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A15 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
aroundthecentralatominthemolecule.trigonalpyramidal.Amolecularshapethatresultswhentherearethreebondsandonelonepaironthecentralatominthemolecule.NH3isatrigonalpyramidalmolecule.triplebond.()Acovalentbondthatinvolves3bondingpairs.tritium.Aradioisotopeofhydrogenwithtwoneutronsandoneprotoninitsnucleus.tyrosine.Tyr;-amino-ß-p-hydroxyphenylpropionicacid.tryptophan.Trp;-amino-ß-indolylpropionicacid.28Uul
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 A16 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
variable.Aquantitythatcanhavemanypossiblevalues.Indesigningexperiments,variablesthataffectmeasurementsmustbeidentifiedandcontrolled.vinyl.polyethylene.viscosity.()coefficientofviscosity.visiblelight.Visiblelightiselectromagneticradiationwithawavelengthbetween400and750nm.vitamin.volatile.volatility.Asolidorliquidmaterialthateasilyvaporizesvolume.(V)vulcanization.vulcanizationofrubber.29Wwavelength.
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本页为有机化学常用术语表,收录以 Z 开头的英文词条及其释义,按字母顺序排列。
30yield.experimentalyield;actualyield.Zzeolite.AdditioncompoundsofthetypeNa2O·Al2O3·nSiO2·mH2O,withcalciumsometimesreplacingorpresentwiththesodium.zinc.Zn.Element30,atomicweight65.37,areactivegraymetalthatdissolvesinacids,usedtogalvanizemetalsandinmanyalloys(e.g.brassandbronze).zirconium.Zr.Element40,atomicweight91.22,ahard,grayish,highlyflammablecrystallinemetalthatdissolvesinhotconcentratedacids
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