页数：19页文件大小：694.0 KB来源： 现代生物学实验ppt课件
本课件为《现代生物学实验》的实验二土壤细菌的分离与纯化部分，依次展开实验二土壤细菌的分离与纯化一教学要求通过、四操作步骤等内容，并说明目的要求、原理、试剂器材、操作步骤与注意事项，便于课前预习和实验现场对照操作。
实验二土壤细菌的分离与纯化一教学要求通过从土壤中分离纯化细菌，初步掌握微生物的分离纯化方法和无菌操作技术。二实验原理-常用的分离纯化方法microorganisms exist in nature as mixedpopulations. However, to study microorganismsin the laboratory we must have them in the formof a pure culture, that is, one in which allorganisms are descendants of the sameorganism.
单细胞挑取法简易单细胞挑取法micromanipulator
平板分离法streak plate methodThe most common way of separating bacterialcells on the agar surface to obtain isolatedcolonies is the streak plate method. It provides asimple and rapid method of diluting the sample bymechanical means. As the loop is streaked acrossthe agar surface, more and more bacteria arerubbed off until individual separated organismsare deposited on the agar. After incubation, thearea at the beginning of the streak pattern willshow confluent growth, while the area near theend of the pattern should show discrete colonies.
pour platemethodAnother method of separating bacteria is thepour plate method. With thepour platemethod, the bacteria are mixed with meltedagar until evenly distributed and separatedthroughout the liquid. The melted agar isthen poured into an empty plate and allowedto solidify. After incubation, discrete bacterialcolonies can then be found growing both onthe agar and in the agar.
spreadplate methodThespin plate methodinvolves diluting thebacterial sample in tubes of sterile water,saline, or broth. Small samples of the dilutedbacteria are then pipetted onto the surface ofagar plates. A sterile, bent-glass rod is thenused to spread the bacteria evenly over theentire agar surface.
倾注平板
培养
isolation plate
移接斜面常用的接种方法划线接种点接种穿刺接种涂布接种液体接种注射接种
斜面接种时的无菌操作(1)接种灭菌(2)开启棉塞(3)管口灭菌(4)挑起菌苔(5)接种(6)塞好棉塞
纯化（平板划线法）倒平板——划线——培养——挑菌落——纯种（纯培养）
平板划线分离的方法1.斜线法2.曲线法3.方格法4.放射法5.四格法
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